Question 1

Imagine you are interested in researching the relationship between job experience and income among early-career working professionals.You take a random sample of 32 professionals from the nearest city,and you ask them to report their annual income and submit a resumé outlining their professional experience.You later calculate their years of experience from their resumés.You compute the following information: 
If you were to calculate a 95% confidence interval for this correlation coefficient,you would find that it ranges from .11 to .70.How should this interval be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A) There is A.95 probability that r falls between .11 and .70 
B) There is a .95 probability that r falls outside the range of .11 to .70 
C) There is a.95 probability that r falls between .11 and .70. 
D) There is a .95 probability that r falls outside the range of .11 to .70.

Question 2

Based on the Applications to the Analysis of Social Problems section of Chapter 14,a smoothing technique

Accepted Answer

A) changes the slope of the regression equation to better fit the datA. 
B) removes much of the noise from the scatterplot. 
C) reduces the intercept of the regression line. 
D) increases the absolute value of the correlation coefficient. 
E) will increase the probability that the r value will be significant.

Question 3

The assumption that the population distributions of X and Y are such that their joint
distribution (that is,their scatterplot)represents a bivariate normal distribution implies
that the distribution of Y scores at any value of X is normal in the population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When r ¹ 0,the sampling distribution of r is normal in shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If an experimental research strategy was used (i.e.,random assignment and control of extraneous variables),then causality can be inferred from a statistically significant correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

r₂ is formally known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of r₂ is formally known as ____________________....

Question 7

Discuss the robustness of Pearson correlation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the robustness of Pearson correlation....

Question 8

Which of the following is formally known as the coefficient of determination?

Accepted Answer

A) r 
B) eta2 
C) r2 
D) rho

Question 9

We can test the null hypothesis that ñ = 0 by transforming the sample correlation coefficient into a statistic that has a sampling distribution that closely approximates the _____ distribution with _____ degrees of freedom.

Accepted Answer

A) F;N - 1 
B) F;N - 2 
C) t;N - 1 
D) t;N - 2

Question 10

An investigation of the relationship between years of formal education and IQ that was conducted with a sample size of 100 found a statistically significant correlation of .25.Another investigation of the same relationship had the same r value based on a sample size of 10,but it was not statistically significant.Why might this be?

Accepted Answer

A) a sample size of 100 has too much sampling error 
B) a sample size of 10 is more likely to produce a Type I error 
C) as sample size increases so does the power of the statistic 
D) the standard error was larger in the sample where N = 100

Question 11

If a relationship is observed between two variables in a set of sample data,this means that
a relationship exists between the variables in the corresponding population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In terms of regression,the criterion variable is ____ while the predictor variable is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the variable being predicted;the variable from which predictions are made 
B) the variable from which predictions are made;the variable being predicted 
C) X;Y 
D) both a and c 
E) both b and c

Question 13

Suppose you were interested in conducting a study examining how ratings of similarity between oneself and another person were related to how attracted one is to the other person.You conduct this study by giving participants a description of a person named "Sarah." Participants are asked to read the description and then rate on a scale from 1 to 10 how similar Sarah is to themselves.You also ask each participant to rate on a scale from 1 to 20 how likeable they think Sarah is. X = rating of similarity to oneself Y = rating of likability of the target ("Sarah") 62 people participate in your study,and you obtain the following data: $ \bar{X}=6.00 $ SCP = 66 $ \bar{Y}=10.00 $ SS_X = 40 SS_Y = 136 Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient (r)for the above data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you were interested in conducting a...

Question 14

Suppose you were interested in conducting a study examining how ratings of similarity between oneself and another person were related to how attracted one is to the other person.You conduct this study by giving participants a description of a person named "Sarah." Participants are asked to read the description and then rate on a scale from 1 to 10 how similar Sarah is to themselves.You also ask each participant to rate on a scale from 1 to 20 how likeable they think Sarah is. X = rating of similarity to oneself Y = rating of likability of the target ("Sarah") 62 people participate in your study,and you obtain the following data: $ \bar{X}=6.00 $ SCP = 66 $ \bar{Y}=10.00 $ SS_X = 40 SS_Y = 136 Using your calculations above,if you asked another person who was not in your original experiment to rate the similarity between themselves and "Sarah" on the same scale from 1 to 10,and their rating of similarity = 5,what would you predict their likability rating to be?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you were interested in conducting a...

Question 15

A positive correlation between height and weight would indicate that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the taller a person is,the more he/she is likely to weigh 
B) the taller a person is,the less he/she is likely to weigh 
C) height and weight have little to do with each other

Question 16

Imagine you are interested in researching the relationship between job experience and income among early-career working professionals.You take a random sample of 32 professionals from the nearest city,and you ask them to report their annual income and submit a resumé outlining their professional experience.You later calculate their years of experience from their resumés.You compute the following information: 
How would you state the null hypothesis for this test?

Accepted Answer

A) r ¹ 0 
B) r = 0 
C) r = r 
D) r1 = r2

Question 17

A regression equation can be used to identify the value of Y that is predicted to be paired
with an individual's score on X.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Suppose a school psychologist found a correlation between SAT scores of students who graduated from her school and their GPAs at the end of the first year in college.The correlation,r = .82,was based on a sample of 55 students whose SAT scores ranged from 450 to 550.The next year,one for her students made a 625 on the SAT and she wants to predict that students future GPA.Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) her prediction may be incorrect 
B) her prediction will definitely be correct

Question 19

The Pearson correlation cannot be used to determine the relationship between two variables when _____.

Accepted Answer

A) both variables are quantitative and on an interval level 
B) both variables are measured on the same individuals and are on a ratio level 
C) one variable is quantitative and the other is qualitative in nature with three or more levels 
D) none of these are exceptions,it can be used in all of these cases

Question 20

In hypothesis testing for the correlation,if the null hypothesis is rejected and the sample correlation coefficient is positive,this indicates that in the population the correlation coefficient is also ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In hypothesis testing for the correlation,if the...

Exam 13: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Inferential Aspects

Based on the Applications to the Analysis of Social Problems section of Chapter 14,a smoothing technique

The assumption that the population distributions of X and Y are such that their joint distribution (that is,their scatterplot)represents a bivariate normal distribution implies that the distribution of Y scores at any value of X is normal in the population.

When r ¹ 0,the sampling distribution of r is normal in shape.

If an experimental research strategy was used (i.e.,random assignment and control of extraneous variables),then causality can be inferred from a statistically significant correlation.

r₂ is formally known as ____________________.

Discuss the robustness of Pearson correlation.

Which of the following is formally known as the coefficient of determination?

We can test the null hypothesis that ñ = 0 by transforming the sample correlation coefficient into a statistic that has a sampling distribution that closely approximates the _ distribution with _ degrees of freedom.

If a relationship is observed between two variables in a set of sample data,this means that a relationship exists between the variables in the corresponding population.

In terms of regression,the criterion variable is while the predictor variable is _.

A positive correlation between height and weight would indicate that _____.

A regression equation can be used to identify the value of Y that is predicted to be paired with an individual's score on X.

The Pearson correlation cannot be used to determine the relationship between two variables when _____.

In hypothesis testing for the correlation,if the null hypothesis is rejected and the sample correlation coefficient is positive,this indicates that in the population the correlation coefficient is also ____________________.

Exam 13: Pearson Correlation and Regression: Inferential Aspects

Based on the Applications to the Analysis of Social Problems section of Chapter 14,a smoothing technique

The assumption that the population distributions of X and Y are such that their joint distribution (that is,their scatterplot)represents a bivariate normal distribution implies that the distribution of Y scores at any value of X is normal in the population.

When r ¹ 0,the sampling distribution of r is normal in shape.

If an experimental research strategy was used (i.e.,random assignment and control of extraneous variables),then causality can be inferred from a statistically significant correlation.

r2 is formally known as ____________________.

Discuss the robustness of Pearson correlation.

Which of the following is formally known as the coefficient of determination?

We can test the null hypothesis that ñ = 0 by transforming the sample correlation coefficient into a statistic that has a sampling distribution that closely approximates the _____ distribution with _____ degrees of freedom.

If a relationship is observed between two variables in a set of sample data,this means that a relationship exists between the variables in the corresponding population.

In terms of regression,the criterion variable is ____ while the predictor variable is _____.

A positive correlation between height and weight would indicate that _____.

A regression equation can be used to identify the value of Y that is predicted to be paired with an individual's score on X.

The Pearson correlation cannot be used to determine the relationship between two variables when _____.

In hypothesis testing for the correlation,if the null hypothesis is rejected and the sample correlation coefficient is positive,this indicates that in the population the correlation coefficient is also ____________________.

r₂ is formally known as ____________________.

We can test the null hypothesis that ñ = 0 by transforming the sample correlation coefficient into a statistic that has a sampling distribution that closely approximates the _ distribution with _ degrees of freedom.

In terms of regression,the criterion variable is while the predictor variable is _.