Question 1

When an investigator is confident that no carry-over effects will occur,which of the following designs is generally superior?

Accepted Answer

A)  matched-subjects
B)  between-subjects
C)  observational
D)  within-subjects D

Question 2

Between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs are both viable strategies only when the independent variable is experimental in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A major goal of research design is to create alternative explanations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

One advantage of the between-subjects approach as compared with the within-subjects approach is that it is more economical in terms of the number of research participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The technique of matching to control for confounding in an experiment results in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  all groups having similar variability
B)  holding variability constant across groups
C)  placing individuals with comparable values on the confounding variable in all experimental groups
D)  none of these

Question 6

The advantage of including a control group when utilizing an experimental strategy is that it provides a _____ for evaluating the effects of the experimental manipulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical procedure
B)  baseline
C)  manipulation check
D)  all of these

Question 7

Two important distributional assumptions are the _____ assumption and the _____ assumption.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-normality;homogeneity of variance
B)  normality;heterogeneity of variance
C)  equal N;parametric
D)  normality;homogeneity of variance

Question 8

The extent to which conclusions made on the basis of a statistical test are unaffected by violations of the assumptions underlying the test is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  robustnesss
B)  significance level
C)  statistical power
D)  all of these

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of a control group?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is always measured in the "observational" sense.
B)  It provides a baseline for evaluating the effects of the experimental manipulation.
C)  It is one of the levels of the dependent variable.
D)  all of these
E)  none of these

Question 10

If you have a small sample size what type of statistics should you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  parametric statistics
B)  nonparametric statistics
C)  descriptive statistics
D)  convert to z-scores
E)  None of these

Question 11

When studying the relationship between two variables,the investigator is essentially interested in determining how the different values of one variable are associated with the values of another variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The main difference between parametric & nonparametric statistics is that parametric statistics:

Accepted Answer

A)  Makes no assumptions about the population distribution
B)  Assumes that the population distribution is normally skewed
C)  Assumes that the population distribution is normally distributed
D)  Cannot be used when dependent measured on ratio & interval scales
E)  All of these are correct

Question 13

Which of the following variables would be an observed variable in all research strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent
B)  independent
C)  constant
D)  all of these

Question 14

The ability to make a causal inference between two variables is a function of one's _____,not the _____ used to analyze the data.

Accepted Answer

A)  research design;statistical technique
B)  statistical technique;research design
C)  statistical technique;experiment
D)  observations;variables

Question 15

What is a disturbance variable and how can they be controlled?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a disturbance variable and how...

Question 16

A ____________________is unrelated to the independent variable but affects the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ____________________is unrelated to the independent variable...

Question 17

In contrast to a(n)_____ strategy,an _____ strategy does not involve the process of actively creating values on an independent variable,but rather involves measuring differences in values that naturally exist in the research participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational;experimental
B)  observational;experimental
C)  experimental;observational
D)  experimental;cross-sectional

Question 18

In practice,it is often difficult to identify appropriate variables to serve as a basis
for matching,and,once identified,to readily complete the matching process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following can influence a test of robustness?

Accepted Answer

A)  sample size
B)  degree of violation
C)  form of violation
D)  all of these

Question 20

One advantage of the within-subjects approach is that it is more _____ in terms of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  powerful;effects
B)  advanced;manipulations
C)  economical;subjects
D)  efficient;randomization

Exam 9: Principles of Research Design and Statistical Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships

When an investigator is confident that no carry-over effects will occur,which of the following designs is generally superior?

Between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs are both viable strategies only when the independent variable is experimental in nature.

A major goal of research design is to create alternative explanations.

One advantage of the between-subjects approach as compared with the within-subjects approach is that it is more economical in terms of the number of research participants.

The technique of matching to control for confounding in an experiment results in ____.

The advantage of including a control group when utilizing an experimental strategy is that it provides a _____ for evaluating the effects of the experimental manipulation.

Two important distributional assumptions are the _ assumption and the _ assumption.

The extent to which conclusions made on the basis of a statistical test are unaffected by violations of the assumptions underlying the test is called ____.

Which of the following statements is true of a control group?

If you have a small sample size what type of statistics should you use?

When studying the relationship between two variables,the investigator is essentially interested in determining how the different values of one variable are associated with the values of another variable.

The main difference between parametric & nonparametric statistics is that parametric statistics:

Which of the following variables would be an observed variable in all research strategies?

The ability to make a causal inference between two variables is a function of one's _,not the _ used to analyze the data.

What is a disturbance variable and how can they be controlled?

A ____________________is unrelated to the independent variable but affects the dependent variable.

In contrast to a(n) _ strategy,an _ strategy does not involve the process of actively creating values on an independent variable,but rather involves measuring differences in values that naturally exist in the research participants.

In practice,it is often difficult to identify appropriate variables to serve as a basis for matching,and,once identified,to readily complete the matching process.

Which of the following can influence a test of robustness?

One advantage of the within-subjects approach is that it is more _ in terms of _.

Exam 9: Principles of Research Design and Statistical Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships

When an investigator is confident that no carry-over effects will occur,which of the following designs is generally superior?

Between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs are both viable strategies only when the independent variable is experimental in nature.

A major goal of research design is to create alternative explanations.

One advantage of the between-subjects approach as compared with the within-subjects approach is that it is more economical in terms of the number of research participants.

The technique of matching to control for confounding in an experiment results in ____.

The advantage of including a control group when utilizing an experimental strategy is that it provides a _____ for evaluating the effects of the experimental manipulation.

Two important distributional assumptions are the _____ assumption and the _____ assumption.

The extent to which conclusions made on the basis of a statistical test are unaffected by violations of the assumptions underlying the test is called ____.

Which of the following statements is true of a control group?

If you have a small sample size what type of statistics should you use?

When studying the relationship between two variables,the investigator is essentially interested in determining how the different values of one variable are associated with the values of another variable.

The main difference between parametric & nonparametric statistics is that parametric statistics:

Which of the following variables would be an observed variable in all research strategies?

The ability to make a causal inference between two variables is a function of one's _____,not the _____ used to analyze the data.

What is a disturbance variable and how can they be controlled?

A ____________________is unrelated to the independent variable but affects the dependent variable.

In contrast to a(n) _____ strategy,an _____ strategy does not involve the process of actively creating values on an independent variable,but rather involves measuring differences in values that naturally exist in the research participants.

In practice,it is often difficult to identify appropriate variables to serve as a basis for matching,and,once identified,to readily complete the matching process.

Which of the following can influence a test of robustness?

One advantage of the within-subjects approach is that it is more _____ in terms of _____.

Two important distributional assumptions are the _ assumption and the _ assumption.

The ability to make a causal inference between two variables is a function of one's _,not the _ used to analyze the data.

In contrast to a(n) _ strategy,an _ strategy does not involve the process of actively creating values on an independent variable,but rather involves measuring differences in values that naturally exist in the research participants.

One advantage of the within-subjects approach is that it is more _ in terms of _.