Question 1

The formula for the chi-squared statistic is

Accepted Answer

A) Σ[(O-
E) 2/E] 
B) [Σ(O-
E) 2]/E 
C) O/[Σ(O-
E) 2] 
D) E/[Σ(O-
E) 2]

Question 2

In a 3 × 4 contingency table,there are

Accepted Answer

A) four levels of each variable. 
B) two levels of one variable,and three levels of the other. 
C) three levels of one variable,and four levels of the other. 
D) four levels of one variable,and five levels of the other.

Question 3

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence is

Accepted Answer

A) the number of categories minus one. 
B) the number of columns minus one multiplied by the number of rows minus one. 
C) the total number of category levels minus one. 
D) the number of people minus the number of cells.

Question 4

based on the following scenario.
In a third world country, 100 randomly selected people were surveyed about their socioeconomic class and religious affiliation. The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow:

Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, the working class differed from the middle class in the distribution of religious identification, χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (4, N = 100) = 11.73, p < .05."
-Of the total sample,the percentage of agnostics,atheists,and others was

Accepted Answer

A) (12 + 13 + 22)/100 = 47%. 
B) (4 + 6 + 18)/100 = 28%. 
C) (8 + 7 + 4)/34 = 56%. 
D) (12 + 13 + 22)/66 = 71%.

Question 5

A clinical psychologist conducted a study in which women rated their sense of humor as high,medium,or low,and then stated whether they believed they were generally disliked or liked.The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow: Observed (and Expected)Frequencies  Excerpt: "A chi-square test for independence was conducted to see if the extent to which participants found themselves to be funny was related to whether they thought others liked or disliked them.The result was significant,χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (2,N = 68)= 8.94,p < .05."
-Of the women who reported that they were liked,__________% also reported that they had either a low or medium sense of humor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A clinical psychologist conducted a study in...

Question 6

According to Cohen's conventions for the phi coefficient,a large effect size is

Accepted Answer

A) .10 
B) .15 
C) .40 
D) .50

Question 7

based on the following scenario.
In a third world country, 100 randomly selected people were surveyed about their socioeconomic class and religious affiliation. The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow:

Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, the working class differed from the middle class in the distribution of religious identification, χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (4, N = 100) = 11.73, p < .05."
-The phi coefficient for this study is

Accepted Answer

A) √(11.732/100)= 1.17 
B) √(11.73/1002)= .03 
C) √(11.73/100)= .34 
D) √[11.732/(100-1)] = 1.18

Question 8

The reporting of chi-square tests in research articles

Accepted Answer

A) almost always includes the information needed to repeat the calculation. 
B) has been downplayed until recently. 
C) relies exclusively on tables. 
D) was not emphasized in research articles until recently.

Question 9

A school psychologist surveyed 75 students (both boys and girls) who had been reported as "bullies" and asked them which bullying method they used most often: physical, verbal, psychological, or cyber-bullying. The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow: 
Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, there was a significant association between gender and bullying method, χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (3, N = 75) = 11.85, p < .05."
-Which cutoff chi-square value is appropriate for testing the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.841 
B) 5.992 
C) 7.815 
D) 9.488

Question 10

One difference between a chi-square test and an analysis of variance is that in a chi-square test,all variables are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One difference between a chi-square test and...

Question 11

The inventor of the chi-square test was

Accepted Answer

A) Karl Pearson. 
B) W.S.Gossett. 
C) Ronald Fisher. 
D) Francis Galton.

Question 12

An advertising firm wanting to target people with strong desires for success conducted a study to see if such people differed in the types of television shows they watched.Randomly selected participants recorded the shows they watched for a week,then their desire for success was assessed,and finally they were divided into two groups.Low Success seekers watched 8 comedies,15 romances,6 documentaries,13 dramas,and 3 news shows.High Success seekers watched 3 comedies,3 romances,9 documentaries,7 dramas,and 8 news shows.Using the .05 significance level,is the distribution of type of shows watched different for participants having high and low desires for success?
a.Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b.Sketch the chi-square distribution.Be sure your sketch gives a rough indication of its shape and shows the cutoff score and the sample's score.
c.Explain the logic of what you have done to a person who is familiar with the logic and steps of hypothesis testing for the t test and analysis of variance,but who knows nothing about chi-square tests.Be sure your explanation includes the logic of figuring the chi-square statistic,determining the degrees of freedom,describing the shape of the chi-square distribution,and using the chi-square table.
d.Figure a measure of effect size and indicate whether it is small,medium,or large.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An advertising firm wanting to target people...

Question 13

The effect size for the chi-square test for independence is measured by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The effect size for the chi-square test...

Question 14

One unsettled controversy regarding chi-square tests has to do with

Accepted Answer

A) large observed frequencies. 
B) large expected frequencies. 
C) small observed frequencies. 
D) small expected frequencies.

Question 15

The hypothesis testing procedure that examines how well an observed frequency distribution of a nominal variable fits some expected pattern is a chi-square test for __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis testing procedure that examines how...

Question 16

A controversy in the use of chi-square tests involves the potential problem of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A controversy in the use of chi-square...

Question 17

The main difference between the test for goodness of fit and the test for independence is that

Accepted Answer

A) the goodness of fit test can be used only for 2 × 2 designs whereas the independence test is not limited to a particular design type. 
B) expected frequencies are calculated for the independence test but not for the goodness of fit test. 
C) the goodness of fit test is limited to one nominal variable whereas the independence test is not. 
D) observed frequencies are compared to expected frequencies for the independence test but not for the goodness of fit test.

Question 18

In the chi-square test for goodness of fit,the degrees of freedom are __________ minus 1.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the chi-square test for goodness of...

Question 19

Although similar in some ways,one difference between contingency tables and the tables used in factorial designs is

Accepted Answer

A) the factorial analysis of variance tables display marginal figures,whereas contingency tables do not. 
B) the cells in contingency tables hold frequencies,whereas the cells in factorial analysis of variance tables represent means. 
C) contingency tables,but not factorial analysis of variance tables,rely on marginal figures. 
D) the numbers in the cells of factorial analysis of variance tables are means for the measured variable,whereas the numbers in the cells of contingency tables represent the means for grouping variables.

Question 20

based on the following scenario.
In a third world country, 100 randomly selected people were surveyed about their socioeconomic class and religious affiliation. The results and an excerpt from this fictitious study follow:

Excerpt: "Based on a chi-square test for independence, the working class differed from the middle class in the distribution of religious identification, χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (4, N = 100) = 11.73, p < .05."
-The percentage of the middle class respondents who were Catholic was

Accepted Answer

A) 7.5/34 = 22.1%. 
B) 5/100 = 5.0%. 
C) 5/34 = 14.7%. 
D) 7.5/100 = 7.5%.

Exam 13: Chi-Square Tests

The formula for the chi-squared statistic is

In a 3 × 4 contingency table,there are

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence is

According to Cohen's conventions for the phi coefficient,a large effect size is

The reporting of chi-square tests in research articles

One difference between a chi-square test and an analysis of variance is that in a chi-square test,all variables are __________.

The inventor of the chi-square test was

The effect size for the chi-square test for independence is measured by __________.

One unsettled controversy regarding chi-square tests has to do with

The hypothesis testing procedure that examines how well an observed frequency distribution of a nominal variable fits some expected pattern is a chi-square test for __________.

A controversy in the use of chi-square tests involves the potential problem of __________.

The main difference between the test for goodness of fit and the test for independence is that

In the chi-square test for goodness of fit,the degrees of freedom are __________ minus 1.

Although similar in some ways,one difference between contingency tables and the tables used in factorial designs is