Question 1

A psychologist conducts a study to test a new treatment.The effect of treatment is statistically significant; the effect size is small according to accepted criteria.When considering the practical or clinical significance of the finding,the psychologist is likely to be concerned about

Accepted Answer

A)  the financial cost of implementing the treatment. 
B)  the external validity of the finding. 
C)  whether the study is free of confoundings. 
D)  all of these

Question 2

Use the ANOVA Summary Table to answer the question that follow:  How many levels are there for Factor A and Factor B?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the ANOVA Summary Table to answer...

Question 3

Results that are "statistically significant" may not be of interest to the scientific community because

Accepted Answer

A)  the study's methodology was poor. 
B)  the results have little external validity. 
C)  the treatment effect is too small to be of practical value. 
D)  any of these reasons

Question 4

Briefly describe the logic of the analysis of variance or F-test for a single-factor random groups design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the logic of the analysis...

Question 5

A result that is not "statistically significant" means that

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis is definitely false and should be rejected. 
B)  the null hypothesis is definitely true and should be accepted. 
C)  we should conclude that the independent variable had no effect whatsoever. 
D)  without more information, we should be cautious about concluding that the independent variable did not have an effect.

Question 6

Read the following research report and answer the question that follow.
A researcher compares men's and women's attitudes toward dating their best friend's former girl/boy friend.Specifically,college students are asked to read a story describing a situation in which their best friend breaks up with a partner and they later have an opportunity to date their best friend's former partner.Men and women rate the likelihood they would choose to date their best friend's former partner using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all likely and 9 = completely likely).In addition,participants rate the extent to which a similar situation has occurred to them using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all and 9 = completely).The mean ratings for each question for the two groups,men and women,are presented below:  Were the results statistically significant? Explain your decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Read the following research report and answer...

Question 7

The initial overall analysis of an experiment based on the analysis of variance is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an omnibus F-test. 
B)  the between-within test. 
C)  the interaction F-test. 
D)  a multiple-group analysis.

Question 8

When a finding in an experiment is statistically significant,the scientific community can be confident that

Accepted Answer

A)  the experiment is free of confoundings. 
B)  the finding will generalize to settings beyond those studied in the experiment. 
C)  the finding has a low probability of occurring if the null hypothesis were true. 
D)  all of these

Question 9

In general,a repeated measures design is likely to be ________ than a random groups design.

Accepted Answer

A)  less systematic 
B)  less powerful 
C)  more sensitive 
D)  more accurate

Question 10

Read the following research report and answer the question that follow.
A researcher compares men's and women's attitudes toward dating their best friend's former girl/boy friend.Specifically,college students are asked to read a story describing a situation in which their best friend breaks up with a partner and they later have an opportunity to date their best friend's former partner.Men and women rate the likelihood they would choose to date their best friend's former partner using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all likely and 9 = completely likely).In addition,participants rate the extent to which a similar situation has occurred to them using a 10-point scale (0 = not at all and 9 = completely).The mean ratings for each question for the two groups,men and women,are presented below:  Describe whether a Type I error and whether a Type II error are possible in this study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Read the following research report and answer...

Question 11

The results of an omnibus F-test for a complex design experiment allow the researcher to

Accepted Answer

A)  know whether the interaction effects and main effects are statistically significant. 
B)  interpret whether the pattern of means supports the hypotheses. 
C)  know whether the effects in the experiment are linear. 
D)  know which means in the experiment differ significantly from one another.

Question 12

If the omnibus analysis of variance for a complex design reveals a statistically significant interaction effect,the source of the interaction effect may be identified using

Accepted Answer

A)  null comparisons. 
B)  simple main effects analyses. 
C)  correlational analyses. 
D)  complex comparisons.

Question 13

A researcher plans to conduct a study to compare two groups.Based on previous research,she anticipates a medium effect size.She does a power analysis with alpha level of .05.This power analysis tells her

Accepted Answer

A)  the t-test outcome and degrees of freedom she should expect. 
B)  Cohen's d for her study. 
C)  the sample size she will need to observe a statistically significant finding. 
D)  the practical significance of her research.

Question 14

If the omnibus analyses of variance for a complex design reveals a statistically significant interaction effect,the source of the interaction effect may be identified using simple main effects analysis and,when there are more than two levels of an independent variable,also

Accepted Answer

A)  complex comparisons. 
B)  null comparisons. 
C)  simple correlations between variables. 
D)  comparisons between two means.

Question 15

When researchers have a good estimate of the expected effect size for an independent variable prior to conducting a study,they should

Accepted Answer

A)  perform a power analysis. 
B)  compute an inferential statistics test. 
C)  draw confidence intervals for their means. 
D)  all of these

Question 16

The primary way that analysis of variance for repeated measures differs from that for an independent groups design is in the estimation of

Accepted Answer

A)  between-group variation. 
B)  variability between means. 
C)  systematic variation. 
D)  error variation.

Question 17

The primary factor that researchers use to control the power of a statistical test is

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the treatment effect. 
B)  the level of significance. 
C)  the sample size. 
D)  choosing a more heterogeneous population.

Question 18

A researcher predicted that an independent variable would produce a difference between a treatment and a control group for the dependent variable.The statistical test resulted in a "statistically significant" difference.This finding

Accepted Answer

A)  proves the null hypothesis is false. 
B)  supports the null hypothesis. 
C)  proves the researcher's hypothesis. 
D)  supports the researcher's hypothesis.

Question 19

(a)What is a Type I error and what is a Type II error when using NHST? 
(b)Which is more common in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of (a)What is a Type I error and...

Question 20

In order to conclude whether the results of an inferential test support the research hypothesis,a researcher must

Accepted Answer

A)  re-state the null hypothesis. 
B)  examine the descriptive (summary) statistics. 
C)  determine whether the mean square error is greater than zero. 
D)  reject probability values greater than .05.

Exam 12: Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part Iitests of Statistical Significance and the Analysis Story