Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of tacit knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A) Transferability through written communication 
B) Existence as general information 
C) Ability to be learned through books 
D) High personal nature 
E) Existence as conscious and accessible information

Question 2

The first step in rational decision making is to:

Accepted Answer

A) generate the list of available alternatives. 
B) identify the criteria that are important in making the decision. 
C) evaluate the alternatives that are available. 
D) choose a person who could evaluate the decision. 
E) choose the solution that maximizes valuE.The first step in the rational decision-making model is to identify the criteria that are important in making the decision, taking into account all involved parties.

Question 3

A salaried paycheck is an example of _____ reinforcement schedule whereas piece-rate pay is an example of _____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) continuous; fixed interval 
B) fixed interval; fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio; variable interval 
D) variable interval; fixed ratio 
E) fixed ratio; continuous

Question 4

Explain the two methods that employees can use to make decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the two methods that employees can...

Question 5

_____ can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, non-conscious, and holistic associations.

Accepted Answer

A) Performance orientations 
B) Intuition 
C) Faulty attributions 
D) Calculations 
E) Rational decisions

Question 6

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior.They are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) attribution biases. 
B) communities of practice. 
C) contingencies of reinforcement. 
D) climates of transfer. 
E) heuristics.

Question 7

_____ theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others.

Accepted Answer

A) Social learning 
B) Learning life cycle 
C) Bounded rationality 
D) Social identity 
E) Attribution

Question 8

The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Social identity theory holds that people identify themselves by the groups to which they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Research has consistently shown that fixed reinforcement schedules lead to higher levels of performance than variable schedules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Those with a performance-prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think poorly of them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The knowledge that employees can typically learn only through experience is called _____ knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) consensus-based 
B) tacit 
C) explicit 
D) direct 
E) open

Question 13

_____ refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) Decision making 
B) Learning 
C) Intuition 
D) Reinforcement 
E) Conditioning

Question 14

The tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decision refers to which of these biases?

Accepted Answer

A) Availability bias 
B) Confirmation bias 
C) Anchoring 
D) Gambler's fallacy 
E) Halo effect

Question 15

In general, _____ and _____ should be the most common forms of reinforcement used by managers to create learning among their employees.

Accepted Answer

A) punishment; extinction 
B) negative reinforcement; extinction 
C) punishment; negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
E) positive reinforcement; extinction

Question 16

Because of their tacit knowledge, experts sometimes cannot put into words why they know that a problem exists, why a solution will work, or how they accomplished a task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A) availability bias. 
B) bandwagon effect. 
C) self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) projection bias. 
E) environmental bias.

Question 18

A(n) _____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group.

Accepted Answer

A) availability bias 
B) bandwagon effect 
C) self-efficacy 
D) projection bias 
E) stereotype

Question 19

Grace is in charge of staffing for the pediatric unit and must make sure there are always enough nurses on the unit.When Reg breaks his leg skiing and can't work for several weeks, Grace is able to competently and easily decide how to adjust the schedule.She has done this many times over many yeaers.Schedule reshuffling is a(n) _____ for her.

Accepted Answer

A) programmed decision 
B) non-programmed decision 
C) escalation of commitment 
D) projection 
E) self-serving decision

Question 20

Discuss the steps an organization can take to foster learning.Provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the steps an organization can take...

Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

Which of the following is a characteristic of tacit knowledge?

The first step in rational decision making is to:

A salaried paycheck is an example of _ reinforcement schedule whereas piece-rate pay is an example of _ reinforcement schedule.

Explain the two methods that employees can use to make decisions.

_____ can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, non-conscious, and holistic associations.

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior.They are known as:

_____ theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others.

The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.

Social identity theory holds that people identify themselves by the groups to which they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships.

Research has consistently shown that fixed reinforcement schedules lead to higher levels of performance than variable schedules.

Those with a performance-prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think poorly of them.

The knowledge that employees can typically learn only through experience is called _____ knowledge.

_____ refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

The tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decision refers to which of these biases?

In general, _ and _ should be the most common forms of reinforcement used by managers to create learning among their employees.

Because of their tacit knowledge, experts sometimes cannot put into words why they know that a problem exists, why a solution will work, or how they accomplished a task.

The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall refers to the:

A(n) _____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group.

Discuss the steps an organization can take to foster learning.Provide an example of each.