Question 1

Which of the following is a major difference between the symbolic interactionist (SI)and functionalist perspectives on deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)  SI sees deviance as negative; functionalism does not judge it. 
B)  SI takes a micro or close-up look at individuals; functionalism looks at macro-level social systems. 
C)  SI accepts deviance in society; functionalism says deviance must be eliminated. 
D)  SI argues that deviance plays a symbolic role in society that helps reinforce cohesion; functionalism argues that deviance threatens social cohesion.

Question 2

Which of Émile Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterizes modern life?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical 
B)  organic 
C)  anomic 
D)  egoistic

Question 3

In a foraging society,most people are very similar in their knowledge,skill,and everyday practices such as gathering and hunting.Émile Durkheim would say that the type of solidarity in a foraging society is:

Accepted Answer

A)  primary. 
B)  informal. 
C)  organic. 
D)  mechanical.

Question 4

What were the types of suicide described by Émile Durkheim?

Accepted Answer

A)  egoistic,altruistic,recidivist,and fatalistic 
B)  egoistic,altruistic,anomic,and recidivist 
C)  egoistic,altruistic,anomic,and fatalistic 
D)  conformist,altruistic,anomic,and recidivist

Question 5

The common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide is defined by Émile Durkheim as:

Accepted Answer

A)  collective conscience. 
B)  division of labor. 
C)  anomie. 
D)  organic solidarity.

Question 6

The functionalist perspective argues that deviance:

Accepted Answer

A)  makes societies less functional. 
B)  is necessary for a society's survival. 
C)  is a symptom of other dysfunctions in society. 
D)  will disappear as societies evolve.

Question 7

Social deviance is a breach of ________; crime is a breach of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  society; persons 
B)  norms; law 
C)  propriety; decency 
D)  private norms; public norms

Question 8

In his book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys (2011),Victor Rios questions whether:

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressive policing in inner-city neighborhoods actually decreases juvenile crime. 
B)  replacing teachers in inner-city schools with police officers decreases crime. 
C)  installing cameras at every street corner decreases crime in inner cities. 
D)  replacing police officers with social workers decreases crime in inner cities.

Question 9

Neighborhood watch groups are examples of what urban theorist Jane Jacobs called:

Accepted Answer

A)  formal social sanctions. 
B)  the eyes and ears of the streets. 
C)  panopticons. 
D)  stigmas.

Question 10

The student guards in Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment behaved the way they did because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they believed the "inmates" had actually committed crimes and deserved punishment. 
B)  they experienced the Lucifer effect,in which they were affected by social surroundings and cultural expectations. 
C)  they were simply following orders from a legitimate authority figure,who in this case was their professor. 
D)  they were malnourished.

Question 11

Explain the basic argument of deterrence theory. Distinguish between specific and general deterrence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the basic argument of deterrence theory....

Question 12

One of the major changes associated with the modern prison system is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the shift from "violence against the body" to "reforming the soul." 
B)  the shift from private to public punishments. 
C)  reduced public spending on prisons. 
D)  the rise of the prison as a "total institution."

Question 13

According to Émile Durkheim's research,what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to commit suicide than Catholics and Jews?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protestantism is based on the collective conscience,which creates individual unhappiness. 
B)  Protestantism is based on the individual,which creates less social integration. 
C)  Protestants are the poorest of religious groups. 
D)  Protestants are the most politically oppressed of religious groups.

Question 14

After a student drops out of high school,he becomes labeled a "drop-out," and his subsequent actions and choices are explained in terms of this label.Those subsequent actions are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  primary deviance. 
B)  secondary deviance. 
C)  unintended consequences. 
D)  anomie.

Question 15

In industrialized societies,social sanctions are most often:

Accepted Answer

A)  associated with "an eye for an eye," as mentioned in the Bible. 
B)  focused on the criminal's individual circumstances. 
C)  public punishment,as in public hangings. 
D)  ignored by the criminal justice systems.

Question 16

After serving a long prison sentence for grand theft auto,Charles stole another car.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  specific deterrence. 
B)  general deterrence. 
C)  anomie. 
D)  recidivism.

Question 17

Summarize Philip Zimbardo's broken windows theory of deviance.Do you think it provides a good explanation for why some neighborhoods are more dangerous than others? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize Philip Zimbardo's broken windows theory of...

Question 18

An elementary school isn't a total institution because:

Accepted Answer

A)  students leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time. 
B)  children cannot be subjected to total institutions. 
C)  there are bureaucratic rules that govern schools. 
D)  school discipline is so mild.

Question 19

According to Howard S.Becker,why do marijuana smokers enjoy using the drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  They engage in a social process of learning to define the experience as fun and pleasurable. 
B)  They are covering up or trying to escape some other deviant tendencies. 
C)  They are genetically predisposed to enjoying its effects. 
D)  They enjoy provoking disapproval in others.

Question 20

Explain this paradox: It is the deviants among us who hold society together.Your answer should use three of the following concepts: social deviance,crime,social cohesion,mechanical solidarity,organic solidarity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain this paradox: It is the deviants...

Exam 6: Social Control and Deviance

Which of the following is a major difference between the symbolic interactionist (SI) and functionalist perspectives on deviance?