Question 1

Psychological ___________ is the tendency to react against attempts to directly influence one's behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  recoiling
B)  reconsideration
C)  oppositional defiance
D)  reactance D

Question 2

Process research could focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  facial expressions.
B)  change in functioning.
C)  symptom improvement.
D)  none of the above. A

Question 3

Tang and colleagues found that sudden gains in therapy are

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence of a flight into health.
B)  short-lived and dissipate quickly.
C)  involve a significant reduction in symptoms.
D)  only evident in CBT. C

Question 4

The development of integrative treatment models for psychotherapy has been greatly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  process-outcome research.
B)  the common factors approach.
C)  interpersonal psychotherapy.
D)  cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Question 5

Socio-economic status of the client variable can influence treatment outcome because ____________socio-economic status is related to a greater likelihood of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; staying in treatment
B)  higher; not staying in treatment
C)  lower; engaging with the therapist
D)  lower; staying in treatment

Question 6

Aspects of the therapeutic relationship that research has found to be associated with successful treatment are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  common factors of psychotherapy.
B)  integrated treatment.
C)  evidence-based psychotherapy relationships.
D)  therapeutic alliance.

Question 7

The APA Psychotherapy Division established a task force in 1999 to examine empirically supported therapy relationships.The task force encouraged clinicians to

Accepted Answer

A)  routinely monitor their treatment services.
B)  strive to integrate aspects of evidence-based psychotherapy relationships.
C)  strive to integrate aspects of evidence-based treatments.
D)  all of the above.

Question 8

Early treatment gains for individuals in treatment for major depressive disorders have been shown in individuals receiving

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive therapy.
B)  placebo medication.
C)  short-term psychodynamic therapy.
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

Research suggests that patient compliance in completing homework acts as a moderator of the relation between positive treatment expectations and

Accepted Answer

A)  therapist characteristics,such as empathy.
B)  relapse prevention following termination of therapy.
C)  initial improvement in functioning.
D)  increased therapeutic alliance.

Question 10

Research indicates that differences in therapist effectiveness are most apparent when treating patients

Accepted Answer

A)  without comorbid disorders.
B)  with low levels of problem severity.
C)  with high levels of problem severity.
D)  who are of a different ethnicity than the therapist.

Question 11

Research that examines what happens within and across psychotherapy sessions is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  process research.
B)  effectiveness research.
C)  outcome research.
D)  efficacy research.

Question 12

Which of the following therapeutic elements would be considered a common factor to several psychotherapeutic approaches?

Accepted Answer

A)  Therapist disclosure.
B)  Therapeutic alliance.
C)  Corrective emotional experience.
D)  Homework.

Question 13

Group cohesion refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between the clients and the therapist.
B)  the relationship among the clients in the group.
C)  the extent of personality integration.
D)  both A & B

Question 14

Bruce Wampold has been a vocal proponent

Accepted Answer

A)  of the psychotherapy equivalence position.
B)  against the psychotherapy equivalence position.
C)  against psychotherapy.
D)  both B and C.

Question 15

A therapist's interpretations are most successful with clients who have

Accepted Answer

A)  good interpersonal skills.
B)  poor interpersonal skills.
C)  good self-examination skills.
D)  poor self-examination skills.

Question 16

One of the problems in interpreting the research on the alliance-outcome link is the importance of not inferring

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation from causation.
B)  significance from correlation.
C)  significance from causation.
D)  causation from correlation.

Question 17

Meta-analyses of the child and adolescent treatment literature have found

Accepted Answer

A)  no differences between treatments.
B)  cognitive-behavioural treatments to be more efficacious than other treatments.
C)  psychodynamic treatments to be more effective than other treatments.
D)  humanistic play therapy) treatments to be more effective than other treatments.

Question 18

Weinberger's 1995)review of the literature on common factors found that

Accepted Answer

A)  there was little agreement on what the common factors actually are.
B)  all therapeutic success could be explained by these factors.
C)  most proponents of the common factors theory had been misinformed.
D)  there was very good agreement on particular common factors.

Question 19

Who is credited as being the first person to identify a common set of therapeutic factors that inform the effectiveness of all approaches to psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saul Rosenzweig.
B)  Lester Luborsky.
C)  John Norcross.
D)  Jerome Frank.

Question 20

Smith,Glass,and Miller 1980)conducted a meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies and found that ________________treatments had the largest effect sizes.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-behavioural
B)  psychodynamic
C)  humanistic
D)  vocational counseling

Exam 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change