An experiment was done to determine the linkage relationship of three genes (a,b,and c)in Drosophila melanogaster.Homozygous females phenotypically a,c were crossed with homozygous males phenotypically b.The F₁ females were all wild type in appearance,and the F₁ males were all a,c.The F₁ females and males were crossed to give the following F₂ phenotypes and numbers.

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\text { Number of }

\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline &\text { Males } & \text { Females }\\\hline a+c & 242 & 310 \\\hline+b+ & 238 & 0 \\\hline a b+ & 157 & 0 \\\hline++c & 163 & 190 \\\hline a b c & 59 & 0 \\\hline+++ & 61 & 295 \\\hline a++ & 38 & 205 \\\hline+b c & 42 & 0 \\\hline \text { Total } & 1,000 & 1,000 \\\hline\end{array}

a)Give the genotypes of the parents.
b)Give the genotypes of the F₁ flies,and show the genotypic arrangement in the female F₁.
c)Draw a genetic map showing the order of the genes and the distances between them.
d)Calculate the interference (only if necessary;if not,say "I = 0").

A Second-Division Segregation Ascus Is an Indication Of

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