Question 1

Endorphins are

Accepted Answer

A)   neuropeptides.
B)   monoamines.
C)   cholinergic.
D)   adrenergic.
E)   serotonergic. A

Question 2

Which of the following is an endocannabinoid neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)   nitric oxide
B)   aspartate
C)   anandamide
D)   THC
E)   indolamine C

Question 3

In its resting state, a neuron is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   polarized.
B)   depolarized.
C)   hypopolarized.
D)   hyperpolarized.
E)   firing. A

Question 4

The conventional account of neural activity presented in your textbook is based to a large degree on the __________ model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conventional account of neural activity presented...

Question 5

Endorphins and __________ are endogenous opioids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endorphins and __________ are endogenous opioids....

Question 6

In comparison to metabotropic receptors, ionotropic receptors produce effects that

Accepted Answer

A)   are less diffuse.
B)   develop more rapidly.
C)   are more enduring.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and B

Question 7

A membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between

Accepted Answer

A)   neuron membranes.
B)   synapses and cell bodies.
C)   the inside and outside of a cell.
D)   nuclei and tracts.
E)   ganglia and nerves.

Question 8

Another word for "integration" is

Accepted Answer

A)   "firing."
B)   "all-or-none."
C)   "summation."
D)   "release."
E)   "activation."

Question 9

Neurotransmitters are often stored in

Accepted Answer

A)   aluminum foil.
B)   ribosomes.
C)   synaptic vesicles.
D)   nodes of Ranvier.
E)   the synaptic cleft.

Question 10

The fact that the intensity of stimulation is related to the rate of neural firing is attributable to the

Accepted Answer

A)   absolute refractory period.
B)   relative refractory period.
C)   voltage gating in the buttons of the neuron.
D)   sodium-potassium pump.
E)   ligand gating in the buttons of the neuron.

Question 11

Explain how an action potential is conducted along a myelinated axon. Why is conduction more rapid in a myelinated axon than in an unmyelinated axon? At what speed does axonal conduction occur in various kinds of axons?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how an action potential is conducted...

Question 12

Conduction of action potentials along an axon is

Accepted Answer

A)   instantaneous.
B)   decremental.
C)   nondecremental.
D)   entirely passive.
E)   always saltatory.

Question 13

Atropine is

Accepted Answer

A)   an extract of opium.
B)   a cholinergic agonist.
C)   a muscarinic antagonist.
D)   a pupil constrictor.
E)   a catecholamine.

Question 14

Illustrated here is

Accepted Answer

A)   an axon hillock.
B)   a synapse.
C)   a gap junction.
D)   a dendritic spine.
E)   none of the above

Question 15

Acetylcholine is

Accepted Answer

A)   a large-molecule neurotransmitter.
B)   synthesized by adding an acetyl group to a choline molecule.
C)   an indolamine.
D)   all of the above
E)   both B and C

Question 16

Use the accompanying figure to summarize how signals are conducted through and transmitted from a conventional multipolar neuron. To complement you summary, indicate on the illustration where various events occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the accompanying figure to summarize how...

Question 17

In comparison to ionotropic receptors, metabotropic receptors generally produce

Accepted Answer

A)   their effects more rapidly.
B)   longer lasting effects.
C)   more localized effects.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and C

Question 18

Neurons do not normally fire more than 1,000 times per second because

Accepted Answer

A)   the absolute refractory period is typically about 1 millisecond.
B)   the relative refractory period is typically about 1 millisecond.
C)   the total refractory period is typically about 1 millisecond.
D)   the sodium-potassium pump cannot repolarize the cell in less than 1 millisecond.
E)   higher rates over excite the neuron.

Question 19

In the presence of the appropriate enzyme, dopamine is converted to

Accepted Answer

A)   L-DOPA.
B)   tyrosine.
C)   norepinephrine.
D)   epinephrine.
E)   serotonin.

Question 20

EPSPs are

Accepted Answer

A)   graded responses.
B)   postsynaptic responses.
C)   transmitted decrementally.
D)   depolarizations.
E)   all of the above

Exam 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission