Question 1

Which of the following examples represents the shallowest processing as described by Craik and Lockhart?

Accepted Answer

A)  recalling an object's function 
B)  attending to the sound of a word 
C)  thinking about the meaning of a word 
D)  recalling that an object was rectangular

Question 2

________ is the process of repeating information over and over in order to retain it in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chunking 
B)  Rehearsal 
C)  Priming 
D)  Association

Question 3

If Shannon learned French before she learned Latin, retroactive interference would predict that Latin would interfere with her French.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which memory system is the one that has a working, active system that processes the information within it?

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term memory 
B)  short-term memory 
C)  secondary memory 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 5

What is meant by a flashbulb memory? Describe its characteristics. Give an example that is well known. Some psychologists are not impressed by these well-known examples of this phenomenon. What are some of the criticisms of the idea of flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by a flashbulb memory?...

Question 6

A mnemonic device is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  commonly-used apparatus in memory research 
B)  consequence of poor memory skills 
C)  rehabilitation tool for amnesia and stroke patients 
D)  strategy that improves memory

Question 7

Specifically, what is a code?

Accepted Answer

A)  a particular method for specifying information 
B)  a set of mental pictures 
C)  a set of mental calculations 
D)  memory procedures

Question 8

Suppose Tamika looks up a number in the telephone book. After getting a busy signal, a minute or so later she tries to call again-but has already forgotten the number! This example illustrates the limited duration of________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  short-term 
C)  echoic 
D)  implicit

Question 9

H. M., a famous amnesiac, gave researchers solid information that the ______________ was important in storing new long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  frontal lobes 
D)  cerebellum

Question 10

Short-term memory is another name for ______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  tertiary 
B)  working 
C)  sensory 
D)  long-term

Question 11

Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that was!). Janie remembers four of them. She knows there is a fifth, but time is up. As Janie is walking down the stairs, all of a sudden, she remembers the fifth point, but it is too late. Janie had a problem with _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  storage 
C)  retrieval 
D)  evaluation

Question 12

Suzy looks up from her lunch, realizing that Jacques has just said something to her. What was it? Oh, yes, he has just asked her if she wants to go to the movies. Suzy's ability to retrieve what Jacques said is due to her ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic sensory memory 
B)  echoic sensory memory 
C)  short-term memory 
D)  tactile sensory memory

Question 13

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit is to explicit 
B)  auditory is to visual 
C)  visual is to auditory 
D)  quick is to slow

Question 14

Candice is studying for her psychology multiple-choice exam by thinking about the various facts she has read and trying to distinguish the very similar ideas. As such, Candice appears to be engaged in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer appropriate processing 
B)  inappropriate learning 
C)  intentional learning 
D)  state-dependent retrieval

Question 15

The first step in the memory process is _____________ information in a form that the memory system can use.

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding 
B)  storing 
C)  retrieving 
D)  evaluating

Question 16

Automatic and controlled processing differ in the amount of ________ that they require.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Automatic and controlled processing differ in the...

Question 17

Which of the following is not a type of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  classically conditioned responses 
B)  operantly conditioned responses 
C)  non-associative learning 
D)  habits

Question 18

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flashbulb memories tend to be about as accurate as other types of memories. 
B)  People feel unconfident about their recall of flashbulb memories. 
C)  A major news event automatically causes a person to store a flashbulb memory. 
D)  Your memory of how you felt at the onset of a flashbulb memory rarely changes over time.

Question 19

Automatic processing, because of its speed, requires more attention.

Accepted Answer