Question 1

Let's say you have a hungry cat in your kitchen.You use your electric can opener,which makes a rather loud sound,to open a can of cat food.You have done this many times before.The hungry cat runs toward the plate of food when it sees it being set on the floor.In this example,running toward a plate of food when set in front of the cat is a/n

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   conditioned response.
C)   unconditioned stimulus.
D)   unconditioned response. D

Question 2

If a student in a classroom was given a piece of candy for,on average,every three words correctly spelled,this would be an example of being reinforced on a ______ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   continuous
B)   variable interval
C)   fixed ratio
D)   variable ratio D

Question 3

Reinforcers that are acquired through learning are called _______ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary
B)   secondary
C)   classical
D)   conditioned B

Question 4

In Pavlov's classic experiment,the unconditioned stimulus was the sound of a metronome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reinforcement occurs every three minutes.
B)   Reinforcement occurs after two rewards.
C)   Two reinforcers are given every four minutes.
D)   Reinforcement occurs after every 15th correct response.

Question 6

Rats who know where something is in a maze relative to a starting place possess a cognitive map.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the overall effect of delay of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   It slows learning.
B)   It speeds learning.
C)   It has no effect on learning.
D)   It accelerates learning.

Question 8

If the state troopers drive yellow Fords in your state,there may be an immediate braking response when you see any yellow Ford.This reaction is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   an escape response.
B)   stimulus discrimination.
C)   superstitious behavior.
D)   stimulus generalization.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of avoidance conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   missing a curfew and getting grounded for two weeks
B)   getting an A on this psychology examination
C)   taking an aspirin to get rid of a headache
D)   taking the garbage out before your parents yell at you

Question 10

In classical conditioning,an unlearned,inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus.
B)   conditioned stimulus.
C)   unconditioned response.
D)   conditioned response.

Question 11

Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over.Each time her dog rolled over she immediately said "good dog." However,the dog did not learn to roll over on command.Which of the following may best explain why?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jill used inconsistent reinforcement.
B)   The CS did not match the CR.
C)   Jill should have delayed the reinforcement.
D)   Saying "good dog" was not reinforcing to her dog.

Question 12

The abbreviation UCS stands for uncontrollable stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Food,water,warmth,novel stimulation,physical activity,and sexual gratification are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcers.
B)   secondary reinforcers.
C)   tertiary reinforcers.
D)   latent learning.

Question 14

In classical conditioning,which of the following is true of the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It becomes associated with the response after learning.
B)   It causes the response only in the presence of the conditioned stimulus.
C)   It elicits the response without any learning.
D)   It is emitted by the unconditioned response.

Question 15

When a conditioned response that was extinguished suddenly returns after an interval of rest,what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)   external disinhibition
B)   internal disinhibition
C)   negative reinforcement
D)   spontaneous recovery

Question 16

When the frequency of a behavior decreases following a negative consequence,punishment has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When the original source of learning is removed and a particular response diminishes,______ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction
B)   habituation
C)   disinhibition
D)   excitation

Question 18

The ultimate goal of negative reinforcement is to strengthen behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The notion of response prevention suggests that avoidance responses can be extinguished by

Accepted Answer

A)   pairing two new incompatible responses.
B)   removing the primary reinforce.
C)   preventing the avoidance from occurring.
D)   pairing new responses with old responses.

Question 20

An example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement is the case of the

Accepted Answer

A)   student who is greeted every fifth time she arrives in class.
B)   instructor who is paid every two weeks during the year.
C)   dean who visits the instructor's class when the mood strikes.
D)   dog who retrieves the paper every day but gets rewarded infrequently.

Exam 7: Basic Principles of Learning

If a student in a classroom was given a piece of candy for,on average,every three words correctly spelled,this would be an example of being reinforced on a ______ schedule.

Reinforcers that are acquired through learning are called _______ reinforcers.

In Pavlov's classic experiment,the unconditioned stimulus was the sound of a metronome.

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Rats who know where something is in a maze relative to a starting place possess a cognitive map.

What is the overall effect of delay of reinforcement?

If the state troopers drive yellow Fords in your state,there may be an immediate braking response when you see any yellow Ford.This reaction is known as

Which of the following is an example of avoidance conditioning?

In classical conditioning,an unlearned,inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over.Each time her dog rolled over she immediately said "good dog." However,the dog did not learn to roll over on command.Which of the following may best explain why?

The abbreviation UCS stands for uncontrollable stimulus.

Food,water,warmth,novel stimulation,physical activity,and sexual gratification are all examples of

In classical conditioning,which of the following is true of the unconditioned stimulus?

When a conditioned response that was extinguished suddenly returns after an interval of rest,what has occurred?

When the frequency of a behavior decreases following a negative consequence,punishment has occurred.

When the original source of learning is removed and a particular response diminishes,______ has occurred.

The ultimate goal of negative reinforcement is to strengthen behavior.

The notion of response prevention suggests that avoidance responses can be extinguished by

An example of a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement is the case of the