Question 1

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) .50 
B) .25 
C) -.25 
D) -.75

Question 2

Athletes have been shown to have poorer performance on academic tests compared to non-athletes in college.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The placebo effect means ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) all conditions in an experiment are the same 
B) that there is no control group 
C) the expectations of the participants influence their behavior 
D) experimenter bias causes the subjects to act strangely

Question 4

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A) In random assignment each participant has an equal chance for each condition. 
B) In random assignment each participant is assigned alphabetically to each condition. 
C) Random assignment can only be determined after an experiment is over. 
D) The best formula for random assignment is birth dates.

Question 5

Suppose you were a graduate student studying for a Ph.D.in psychology in the 1920s.Your advisor was strongly influenced by John B.Watson.Which of the following might your advisor consider an acceptable choice for your research?

Accepted Answer

A) a survey of daydreams 
B) an analysis of how specific behaviors are acquired 
C) a survey of sexual imagery in dreams of men and women 
D) an analysis of the thought processes students report while answering test items

Question 6

Wesleyan University researchers Jameson and colleagues conducted a study to explore the negative stereotypes of collegiate athletes as "dumb jocks." In their study,the researchers found ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) a correlation between collegiate athletes' exposure to the negative stereotypes,the better they performed on an intelligence test 
B) negative stereotypes in higher education may contribute to collegiate student athletes underperforming in academics 
C) collegiate student athletes performed better in the classroom if they were made aware of the impact of negative stereotypes 
D) professors often excuse absences by collegiate student athletes who miss class due to attending practices

Question 7

In the definition of psychology,the term mental processes means

Accepted Answer

A) internal,covert processes. 
B) outward behavior. 
C) overt actions and reactions. 
D) only animal behavior.

Question 8

A subset of cases selected from a larger population is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A) control group 
B) target group 
C) treatment group 
D) sample

Question 9

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is to:

Accepted Answer

A) serve as a check on the interpretation of results. 
B) increase the ability to generalize the findings. 
C) manipulate the dependent variable. 
D) represent the general,nonlaboratory population.

Question 10

A large group of people whom you want to know about is called a __________.

Accepted Answer

A) control group 
B) treatment group 
C) population 
D) sample

Question 11

Pavlov's research demonstrated that ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) involuntary reaction (salivation)could occur in response to an unrelated stimulus (sound of a bell) 
B) an unrelated stimulus (salivation)could occur in response to an involuntary reaction (sound of a bell) 
C) involuntary reaction (sound of a bell)could occur in response to an unrelated stimulus (food) 
D) an unrelated stimulus (food)could occur in response to an unrelated stimulus (barking)

Question 12

When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes,you are engaging in a form of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) case study research 
B) survey research 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) psychometric study

Question 13

Sandy Sue was participating in an experiment in which she was given a pill that was supposed to cause her to get drowsy.Five minutes after taking the pill,Sandy Sue reported that she felt drowsy and wanted to lie down.The pill was actually made of sugar and had no ingredients to cause drowsiness.How do you explain Sandy Sue's drowsy feeling?

Accepted Answer

A) experimenter effect 
B) placebo effect 
C) subject bias 
D) treatment effect

Question 14

The word correlation is often used as a synonym for _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) validity 
B) reliability 
C) variable 
D) relationship

Question 15

According to the present research on psychologists,the three most popular work settings are _____________,_____________,and ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) universities and four year colleges; self-employed; private for-profit 
B) self-employed; state and local government; non-profit 
C) state and local government; federal government; self-employed 
D) universities and four year colleges; non-profit; federal government

Question 16

A negative correlation means that high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Watson 
B) Titchener 
C) James 
D) Wundt

Question 18

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what early field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) functionalism 
C) psychoanalysis 
D) behaviorism

Question 19

Dr.Welsh is doing experiments using drugs.He is concerned that his subjects will respond to demand characteristics.He may want to control for this by using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) stratification 
B) two independent variables 
C) a placebo 
D) randomization

Question 20

In a __________ study,only the experimenter knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental grou

Accepted Answer

A) placebo 
B) single-blind 
C) double-blind 
D) triple-blind

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology