Question 1

Describe how the emissions trading policy, known as cap-and-trade, is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the emissions trading policy, known...

Question 2

Why did the United States decline to ratify the Kyoto Protocol?

Accepted Answer

A)  The United States would be held accountable for global greenhouse gas emission. 
B)  Since the United States has one of the lowest greenhouse gas emission levels, the senate did not think it was fair to pay the same fines as other countries with higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions. 
C)  There were not sufficient incentives to join the protocol. 
D)  The United States did not think it was fair for developing countries to have no reduction targets. 
E)  This would have abolished the cap-and-trade system.

Question 3

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the landmark environmental laws passed in the 1960s and 1970s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tremendous bipartisan support existed for environmental protection. 
B)  Many environmental problems crossed state lines. 
C)  These landmark laws have remained as is, without amendments. 
D)  Included in these laws was the Endangered Species Act in 1973. 
E)  None of these answers-all are true regarding these laws.

Question 4

All of the following are gases regulated by Kyoto EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  nitrous oxide. 
C)  methane. 
D)  ozone. 
E)  hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

Question 5

What did Stanford University law student Michael Wara discover about the effectiveness of the cap-and-trade program on reducing greenhouse gas emissions? What explanation did he propose for this surprising result?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Stanford University law student Michael...

Question 6

The findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which influence various international policies regarding climate change, are based on scientific data and observation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the precautionary principle? How can it be used to shape policy regarding the recent changes in global climate attributed to human activity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the precautionary principle? How can...

Question 8

In 1992, the ___________________ formally recognized climate change as an emerging problem and recommended that precautions be taken to prevent human actions from further damaging Earth's climate system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kyoto Protocol 
B)  Montréal Protocol 
C)  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC
C)  
D)  Stockholm Convention 
E)  Copenhagen Climate Conference

Question 9

Which environmental law requires that responsible parties clean up sites contaminated by hazardous materials and holds them liable for the costs and damages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCL
A)  
B)  Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSC
A)  
C)  Clean Water Act (CW
A)  
D)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A)  
E)  Clean Air Act (CA
A)

Question 10

In the United States, which group(s) approve(s) a bill in order to make it law?

Accepted Answer

A)  House of Representatives 
B)  president 
C)  Senate 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  only A and C

Question 11

Infographic 24.7

-Which of the following is conveyed by Infographic 24.7?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased emissions were only observed in countries that did not sign the Kyoto Protocol. 
B)  The 14.7% decrease in emissions from all Annex 1 nations was mostly due to purchasing carbon-offset credits from developing countries. 
C)  Overall, global emissions in 2009 were 38.3% higher than 1990 levels. 
D)  A, B, and C are correct. 
E)  Only choices A and C are correct.

Question 12

Infographic 24.6

-Which of the following aspects of international policy is(are) illustrated by Infographic 24.6?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process is slow and incremental. 
B)  Many meetings, negotiations, and votes are required. 
C)  Specific targets are identified. 
D)  Science helps to inform policy. 
E)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 13

What solutions have been proposed for fixing the flawed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that resulted in refrigerant companies in China and India profiting more from HFC offset credits than from selling the coolant itself?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What solutions have been proposed for fixing...

Question 14

Which international effort saw agreement that global temperatures should not exceed 2°C above preindustrial temperatures and agreed to include developing countries in future target pledges?

Accepted Answer

A)  1997 Kyoto Protocol 
B)  2011 Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (UNFCC
C)  
C)  2007 Bali Road Map (UNFCC
C)  
D)  2010 Cancun Agreements (UNFCC
C)  
E)  2009 Copenhagen Accord (UNFCC
C)

Question 15

Which of the following groups provide input toward how best to curb emissions and slow global warming?

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists 
B)  environmental activists 
C)  policy makers 
D)  political leaders 
E)  all of these answers

Question 16

Environmental policy:

Accepted Answer

A)  provides guidelines meant to restore or protect the natural environment. 
B)  is limited to the nation that creates it. 
C)  can help mitigate human impact on the environment. 
D)  A, B, and C are correct. 
E)  Only A and C are correct.

Question 17

Reentering the policy cycle for revision as new or changing information comes to light is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive management. 
B)  lobbying. 
C)  circulation. 
D)  evolving management. 
E)  revolving management.

Question 18

Which of the following is a market-based approach to protecting the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  assessing green taxes on pollution produced by a factory-more pollution leads to higher taxes 
B)  tax breaks awarded to industries for carrying out environmentally favorable actions 
C)  permit trading for an environmental pollutant, such as emitted sulfur dioxide 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  only A and C

Question 19

Which of the following influences U.S. environmental policy decision making?

Accepted Answer

A)  industry lobbyists 
B)  science 
C)  congressional committees 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  only B and C

Question 20

A federal highway project is proposed to connect two existing stretches of interstate. What signature feature of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) must be met prior to construction of the highway?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A federal highway project is proposed to...

Exam 24: Urbanization- the Ghetto Goes Green: in the Bronx, Building a Better Backyard