Question 1

Janeen enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her 1-year-old daughter, Peggy. Initially, Peggy clings to her mother but then becomes interested in the attractive toys in the playroom. She picks up a toy and brings it back to her mother, then drops it and approaches the toy box again. Peggy cries when Janeen leaves the room, but quickly calms down again when her mother returns. Peggy would most likely be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A) securely attached. 
B) difficult and slow-to-warm-up. 
C) insecurely attached. 
D) preoperational.

Question 2

The term _____ is used to describe an individual who undergoes hormonal treatments and sex-change surgery to physically transform his or her body into the opposite sex.

Accepted Answer

A) transsexual 
B) homosexual 
C) androgynous 
D) intersexed individual

Question 3

Which of the following statements BEST characterizes the typical course of human development?

Accepted Answer

A) Development occurs in distinct stages that are characterized by abrupt changes in physical, mental, and social growth. 
B) Gradually unfolding changes throughout the ages and stages of life characterize human development. 
C) Development is viewed as occurring in four distinct stages: infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. 
D) Biological factors cause environmental factors to shape the course of development.

Question 4

As children grow older, girls become _____ in their views of gender-appropriate activities and attributes, and boys become _____ in their views of gender-appropriate activities and attributes.

Accepted Answer

A) less flexible; more flexible 
B) more flexible; less flexible 
C) more flexible; more flexible 
D) less flexible; less flexible

Question 5

Many women experience _____, which is defined as a renewed sense of energy, freedom, and happiness, once they no longer have to worry about becoming pregnant.

Accepted Answer

A) menarche 
B) menopause 
C) andropause 
D) postmenopausal zest

Question 6

The most effective form of discipline is _____, which involves combining control of behavior with _____.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian; punishment 
B) induction; teaching 
C) authoritative; indifference 
D) induction; punishment

Question 7

The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment, and modeling, is called _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) gender schema 
B) social learning 
C) gender identity 
D) evolutionary

Question 8

Videos developed for infants and toddlers have claimed that they promote brain development. However, a study by Zimmerman and colleagues showed that viewing baby media was _____ with vocabulary growth in infants.

Accepted Answer

A) not correlated 
B) positively correlated 
C) negatively correlated 
D) quasi-correlated

Question 9

At his 85th birthday party, Mr. Torttorici told many stories to his grandchildren and great-grandchildren about his childhood in Sicily, how he immigrated to the United States as a young adult, his wartime experiences, and what he has learned over the past half-century. You could describe Mr. Torttorici's story-telling more formally as:

Accepted Answer

A) a life review. 
B) role confusion. 
C) egocentrism. 
D) an example of stagnation.

Question 10

Phenotype is to genotype as:

Accepted Answer

A) inherited genes are to expressed characteristics. 
B) expressed characteristics are to inherited genes. 
C) recessive traits are to dominant traits. 
D) dominant traits are to recessive traits.

Question 11

Little Taylor wants to be a scientist when she grows up. However, when she told her junior high school guidance counselor about this goal, he discouraged her from pursuing science, saying, "Girls aren't logical." The counselor's statement is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) a gender stereotype. 
B) benevolent sexism. 
C) passive aggression. 
D) unconscious repression.

Question 12

A female has an _____ combination in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) XX; 1st pair of genes 
B) XX; 23rd pair of chromosomes 
C) XY; 1st pair of chromosomes 
D) XY; 23rd pair of chromosomes

Question 13

Frank always buys a fishing license before going fishing because authorities established the fishing laws. He believes laws should be obeyed. In terms of Kohlberg's theory, Frank is at the _____ level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) postconventional 
B) concrete operational 
C) preconventional 
D) conventional

Question 14

According to the text studies examining the impact of early stress on epigenetic changes in humans have shown that childhood stress or adversity:

Accepted Answer

A) does not cause epigenetic changes in humans. 
B) can cause distinct epigenetic changes in brain tissue. 
C) can cause epigenetic changes in accident victims but not suicide victims. 
D) causes epigenetic changes but these are not observable in adulthood.

Question 15

Studies that compared attachment in infants who attended child care with attachment in infants who were cared for by a parent at home showed that:

Accepted Answer

A) most of the infants in both groups were securely attached. 
B) most of the infants in child care were insecurely attached. 
C) the proportion of infants in child care who were insecurely attached was four times that of infants who were cared for by a parent at home. 
D) infants in day care were securely attached to their caregivers at the child-care facility but were insecurely attached to their parents.

Question 16

Humans carry all of the genes necessary to develop a tail, but we typically don't develop tails because:

Accepted Answer

A) those genes are never activated. 
B) those genes can only be activated by external factors that no longer exist in our present environment. 
C) we have also inherited a copy of the dominant "no tails" gene. 
D) we have also inherited two recessive "no tails" genes.

Question 17

When Diana talks to her baby, she uses simple words and short sentences, a high-pitched voice, and exaggerated intonation and expression. Diana is using a form of speech that is formally called:

Accepted Answer

A) telegraphic speech. 
B) infant-directed speech. 
C) cooing and babbling. 
D) the one-word stage.

Question 18

The zone of proximal development is an important element in:

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's theory of cognitive development. 
B) Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development. 
C) Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. 
D) Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning.

Question 19

Children with _____ parents are more likely to rebel, while children with _____ parents are more likely to lack self-control.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian; permissive 
B) authoritative; authoritarian 
C) permissive-indifferent; permissive-indulgent 
D) authoritarian; authoritative

Question 20

A group of 5-year-old children are shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes, such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls. If the children are questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they will:

Accepted Answer

A) not remember having seen any pictures. 
B) accurately recall that the boys were playing with dolls and the girls with trucks and cars. 
C) tend to recall having seen the boys playing with trucks and cars and the girls playing with dolls. 
D) tend to recall having seen pictures of dinosaurs, cartoon characters, and TV animals, such as Big Bird and Barney.

Exam 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development