Question 1

In a study, participants viewed slides showing the use of a screwdriver in a burglary. Later they read a written account of the break-in that featured a hammer instead of a screwdriver. When tested for their memory of the images in the slide presentation:

Accepted Answer

A) 60 percent incorrectly remembered that a hammer had been used. 
B) 10 percent said that a hammer had been used in the break-in. 
C) 60 percent correctly remembered that a screwdriver had been used. 
D) most participants could not remember what implement had been used in the break-in.

Question 2

When prospective memory fails, it is almost always because of:

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval cue failure. 
B) the misinformation effect. 
C) source confusion. 
D) imagination inflation.

Question 3

Richard can recall very specific and vivid details of the day his son was born. Richard's memory of this very emotional, personal event in his life is an example of what is called _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) an implicit 
B) prospective 
C) a flashbulb 
D) iconic

Question 4

The Focus on Neuroscience feature described a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as "dog," that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When they retrieved the memory, participants who had memorized the word dog with the sound of a dog barking showed a _____ level of activation in the _____ cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) high; visual 
B) low; visual 
C) high; auditory 
D) low; auditory

Question 5

Compared to Asian mothers, when engaging in shared reminiscing with their children, Western mothers tend to emphasize the child's:

Accepted Answer

A) sense of community with others. 
B) ability to use language correctly. 
C) individual activities and emotional reactions. 
D) relationships with other children the same age.

Question 6

Mike began studying for his exam the night before the test, reading his textbook chapter for the first time. Ebbinghaus would predict that:

Accepted Answer

A) Mike would rapidly forget most of the material that he read. 
B) Mike would remember most of the new material for several months, then rapidly forget most of it. 
C) Mike would gradually forget the new material over a period of several months. 
D) Mike's memory of the new material would remain remarkably stable for a lengthy period of time.

Question 7

At a loud party, Kimberly met many new people. When she ran into one of her new acquaintances on campus the next day she was unable to remember his name. The MOST likely explanation for her forgetting the name of her new acquaintance is:

Accepted Answer

A) source confusion. 
B) interference. 
C) mood congruence. 
D) source amnesia.

Question 8

The semantic network model suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) semantic information is organized in a network, but episodic information is organized chronologically. 
B) when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, retrieval is more likely. 
C) distortions in memory can occur when the true source of the memory is forgotten. 
D) information in long-term memory is organized in a complex system of associations.

Question 9

_____ involves recovering the stored information so that we are consciously aware of it.

Accepted Answer

A) Feedback 
B) Encoding 
C) Storage 
D) Retrieval

Question 10

During the short-answer essay part of the examination, Ethan was absolutely certain that he knew the definition of "long-term potentiation" but he could not think of it. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Ethan's inability to retrieve the information from his long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) the misinformation effect 
B) prospective memory failure 
C) source confusion 
D) retrieval cue failure

Question 11

According to Table 6.3: Factors Contributing to False Memories, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that contributes to false memories?

Accepted Answer

A) inattentional blindness 
B) the misinformation effect 
C) source confusion 
D) imagination inflation

Question 12

While auditory sensory memory can last for about _____, visual sensory memory lasts for about _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 to 4 seconds; a half second 
B) 3 to 4 minutes; a half minute 
C) 30 to 40 seconds; a half second 
D) a half second; 3 to 4 seconds

Question 13

The inability to recall information that was previously available to memory is called:

Accepted Answer

A) encoding failure. 
B) forgetting. 
C) the misinformation effect. 
D) source confusion.

Question 14

In the sea snail Aplysia, the gill-withdrawal reflex employs a circuit of just:

Accepted Answer

A) a single neuron. 
B) two neurons. 
C) three neurons. 
D) four neurons.

Question 15

Motivated forgetting of a painful or embarrassing memory because we don't want to consciously remember the information is called:

Accepted Answer

A) suppression. 
B) retrograde amnesia. 
C) repression. 
D) anterograde amnesia.

Question 16

Although the concept of repressed memories is controversial, there is general agreement among psychologists that:

Accepted Answer

A) repressed memories recovered through hypnosis are accurate. 
B) people may experience amnesia for some of the details of a single traumatic event, but they are unlikely to repress all memories of repeated incidents of abuse. 
C) when people experience repeated incidents of abuse, they are more likely to completely repress all memories of the experiences. 
D) survivors of traumatic incidents are rarely able to recall details about the events.

Question 17

Rather than simply repeating key terms and concepts, Jeremy focused on the meaning of the information in the chapter and tried to generate examples of concepts from his own experiences. Jeremy was using _____ to help encode information into his long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) contextual cues 
B) elaborative rehearsal 
C) the serial position effect 
D) maintenance rehearsal

Question 18

British psychologist and memory researcher Alan Baddeley developed:

Accepted Answer

A) an influential model of working memory. 
B) an influential model of long-term memory called the semantic network model. 
C) the "lost-in-the-mall" technique to investigate false memories of childhood events that never happened. 
D) research techniques for investigating the duration of visual sensory memory.

Question 19

The "phonological loop," "visuospatial sketchpad," and "central executive" are:

Accepted Answer

A) the three main components of the semantic network model. 
B) three mnemonic devices that can be used to help you remember a list of unrelated items, such as nonsense syllables. 
C) three different interview strategies developed by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus to investigate eyewitness testimony and the development of false memories. 
D) the three main components in the model of working memory developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley.

Question 20

The decline and impairment of memory, reasoning, language, and other cognitive functions is called:

Accepted Answer

A) amnesia. 
B) dementia. 
C) long-term potentiation. 
D) inattentional blindness.

Exam 6: Section 2: Memory