Question 1

Vivian's psychologist is using systematic desensitization to help Vivian overcome her phobia of driving over bridges. As one of the first steps in the process of systematic desensitization, Vivian's psychologist is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) have her create an anxiety hierarchy. 
B) consult her family doctor to obtain a prescription for antianxiety medications. 
C) clearly identify her specific behavioral problem and determine its baseline rate. 
D) confront her irrational beliefs about bridges and push her towards the realization that her way of thinking is unhealthy and must be replaced with more constructive, rational thoughts.

Question 2

Neuroleptic medications are also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) antidepressant medications. 
B) antianxiety medications. 
C) antipsychotic medications. 
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 3

Typically, a psychiatrist holds a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. 
B) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. 
C) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. 
D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing, psychotherapy, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders.

Question 4

As a clinical psychologist in private practice, Dr. Drake uses a variety of psychotherapy techniques. As a rule, she selects the therapy approach based on the problem and the characteristics of the person seeking help. Dr. Drake would be best described as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) traditional psychoanalyst. 
B) rational-emotive therapist. 
C) client-centered therapist. 
D) eclectic psychotherapist.

Question 5

One potential problem with insight-oriented therapies, such as psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy, is that:

Accepted Answer

A) gaining an understanding of the cause of maladaptive behaviors does not necessarily result in more adaptive and healthier behaviors. 
B) patients must be in therapy for years before any changes occur. 
C) most patients usually quit attending the therapy sessions before any progress has been made. 
D) they rely too heavily on learning principles to produce changes in emotional and behavioral functioning.

Question 6

Jim was placed in a juvenile home after several run-ins with the law, including shoplifting, truancy, and burglary. At the juvenile home, Jim was informed that he could earn special privileges with good behavior. Positive behaviors, such as cleaning his room or helping with maintenance at the facility, were rewarded with points. The points could be redeemed for privileges, such as snacks, access to recreational opportunities, or extra time to watch television. The juvenile home is using:

Accepted Answer

A) systematic desensitization. 
B) counterconditioning. 
C) a token economy. 
D) virtual reality (VR) therapy.

Question 7

Confrontation and logical persuasion is to _____ as nondirective, unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) short-term dynamic therapy; psychoanalysis 
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT); client-centered therapy 
C) cognitive therapy (CT); behavior therapy 
D) client-centered therapy; rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Question 8

Which approach is most likely to be used in group therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis 
B) virtual reality 
C) client-centered 
D) Virtually any approach can be used in group therapy.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about lithium salt is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Lithium salt is a naturally occurring substance. 
B) Lithium salt was used in bottled water and in an early version of the soft drink 7-Up. 
C) Lithium salt is used to treat bipolar disorder. 
D) Lithium salt is a benzodiazepine.

Question 10

A _____ is a licensed mental health specialist with an academic doctorate who assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral problems and disorders but usually disorders that are of lesser severity.

Accepted Answer

A) psychiatrist 
B) counseling psychologist 
C) psychiatric social worker 
D) marriage and family therapist

Question 11

The technique called meta-analysis:

Accepted Answer

A) involves using techniques from different psychotherapies to simultaneously treat all members of the same family. 
B) is a community-based healing ritual used in traditional forms of Native American healing. 
C) involves statistically combining the results of several studies investigating the same issue. 
D) is the most common format used among self-help groups.

Question 12

Your textbook lists several psychological problems and disorders that have been successfully treated with interpersonal therapy. Which of the following was NOT listed as a psychological problem or disorder that can be successfully treated with interpersonal therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) substance use disorder 
B) schizophrenia 
C) marital conflict 
D) eating disorders

Question 13

As part of the treatment strategy that Mary Cover Jones used, she had 3-year-old Peter:

Accepted Answer

A) use a medication to help him overcome his irrational fear of rabbits. 
B) wear special goggles with a motion-sensitive headset as he was progressively introduced to the feared object and situation. 
C) observe other children reacting with fear and anxiety to the presence of rabbits. 
D) observe other children holding and petting a tame rabbit.

Question 14

Although they agreed to help him financially, Emmett's parents were nevertheless angry and disappointed with him when he chose to attend the state university instead of going to the same college that his father attended. According to Carl Rogers, Emmett's parents are demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A) unconditional positive regard. 
B) empathic understanding. 
C) counterconditioning. 
D) conditional acceptance.

Question 15

In the technique called _____, the client expresses self-motivating statements, and the therapist responds with empathic understanding and reflective listening, helping the client explore his or her own values and motivations for change. When the client expresses reluctance, the therapist acknowledges the mixed feelings and redirects the emphasis toward change.

Accepted Answer

A) contingency management 
B) self-help group therapy 
C) motivational interviewing (MI) 
D) interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Question 16

According to Beck's cognitive therapy, psychological problems are caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) learned behaviors and irrational beliefs. 
B) unresolved conflicts from childhood and poor parenting. 
C) negative cognitive biases, distorted thinking, and unrealistic beliefs. 
D) the lack of unconditional positive regard in important relationships.

Question 17

The revolving door pattern refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the dizziness and sleep-related hallucinations produced as a side effect by atypical antipsychotic medications. 
B) a rare side effect of the first antipsychotic medications in which the patient whirls in first one direction and then another. 
C) the use of antidepressants combined with lithium to maintain stability in patients suffering from bipolar disorder. 
D) the hospitalization, release, and rehospitalization of schizophrenic patients.

Question 18

One drawback of the first (or typical) antipsychotic medications was that they could produce a variety of unwanted side effects, including:

Accepted Answer

A) disruptions in normal movements, weight gain, sleepiness, and a reduced ability to concentrate. 
B) loss of appetite, intense anxiety, and hypersexuality. 
C) extreme itching, ringing in the ears, and breathing difficulties. 
D) skin rashes, hives, chills, and stomach ulcers.

Question 19

Because of several unfortunate events in his life, Robert's level of anxiety had become so intense and consuming that he could no longer concentrate at work. After Robert discussed the problem with his family doctor, the doctor decided to prescribe _____ for _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Clozapine; six months 
B) Thorazine; three months 
C) Valium; ten days 
D) Prozac; one week

Question 20

Imagine that you are a psychiatrist reviewing patients who might be candidates for electroconvulsive therapy. Based on the information presented in your textbook, for which of the following patients would electroconvulsive therapy NOT be an appropriate treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) Lucinda is elderly and cannot tolerate the side effects of antidepressant medications. 
B) Carlos is severely depressed and acutely suicidal, and has a history of suicide attempts. 
C) Amy has tried several different antidepressant medications over the past two years but her severe depressive episodes have not responded to any of the medications. 
D) McMurphy is unruly, difficult to manage, and sometimes behaves violently in the hospital ward where he is hospitalized for antisocial personality disorder.

Exam 14: Section 2: Therapies