Question 1

How many loci are considered core loci by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the Combined DNA Indexing System?

Accepted Answer

A)   10
B)   12
C)   13
D)   16 C

Question 2

How do STR and VNTR differ?

Accepted Answer

A)   STR have fewer repeats than VNTR.
B)   STR have longer repeat units than VNTR.
C)   STR have shorter repeat units than VNTR.
D)   STR alleles are only distinguishable by Southern blot. C

Question 3

Mitochondrial polymorphisms used for human identification are found in what part of the mitochondrial genome?

Accepted Answer

A)   In the mitochondrial tRNA genes
B)   At the origin of transcription
C)   In the hypervariable regions
D)   Anywhere on the circular genome C

Question 4

DNA found at the scene of the crime was determined to have one peak at 212 bp at the amelogenin locus. The source of this DNA is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Female
B)   Male
C)   Impossible to tell from one locus
D)   This locus does not discriminate between males and females.

Question 5

An individual who has two populations of cells that were derived from two different zygotes is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)   Chimera
B)   Mosaic
C)   Clone
D)   Mutant

Question 6

THO1, D8S1179, and D2S11 are examples of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   RFLP
B)   SINE
C)   STR
D)   SNP

Question 7

How are mitochondrial polymorphisms inherited?

Accepted Answer

A)   Paternally
B)   Maternally
C)   In multiples of six bases
D)   Randomly

Question 8

The uniqueness of mitochondrial and Y-STR alleles is expressed by what measure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Matching probability
B)   Discriminatory capacity
C)   Recombination frequency
D)   Linkage to autosomal loci

Question 9

Which of the following is used as a marker of gender?

Accepted Answer

A)   D8S1179
B)   Amelogenin
C)   TPOX
D)   Penta D

Question 10

Which are more likely to be successfully analyzed on highly degraded DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   VNTR
B)   RFLP
C)   STR
D)   Mini-STR

Question 11

Which of the following polymorphisms can be used to compare DNA samples derived from males but not females?

Accepted Answer

A)   STR
B)   Y-STR
C)   RFLP
D)   VNTR

Question 12

Which of the following polymorphisms are tandem repeats of 1-8 bp?

Accepted Answer

A)   Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
B)   Short tandem repeats
C)   Variable number tandem repeats
D)   Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Question 13

Two elderly women who had been adopted into different families as infants discover circumstantially that they may have the same biological mother. Which of the following analyses would give the best information toward proving their maternal lineage?

Accepted Answer

A)   Y-STR
B)   Mitochondrial DNA
C)   RFLP-PCR
D)   SNP haplotypes

Question 14

If a locus on chromosome 16 is homozygous, then the locus has:

Accepted Answer

A)   Many different alleles on one chromosome 16
B)   The same alleles on each chromosome 16 homolog
C)   Different alleles on each chromosome 16 homolog
D)   No alleles

Question 15

STR analysis is performed on bone marrow donor-recipient pairs prior to transplantation for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)   To determine whether the donor and recipient are a match
B)   To determine the likelihood of graft-versus-host disease
C)   To find informative alleles for post-transplantation studies
D)   To add their STR haplotypes to a national database

Question 16

STR analysis was performed on a bone marrow donor and recipient pair with the following results. Which loci are informative?

Accepted Answer

A)   vWA and TH01
B)   TH01 and D13S317
C)   D16S539 and F13A01
D)   vWA and D13S317

Question 17

Southern blot is used to detect which of the following polymorphisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   Edited RNA
B)   Alternative splicing
C)   Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
D)   Modified nucleotides

Question 18

DNA was isolated from a patient and cut with HaeIII. The resulting fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane. The fragments were allowed to hybridize to a probe, and the resulting band pattern was compared with that seen in another sample of DNA. Which of the following methods is described?

Accepted Answer

A)   RFLP by Southern blot
B)   VNTR by PCR
C)   SNP by sequencing
D)   STR by PCR

Question 19

What is an expression for how many times more likely the child's allele is inherited from the alleged father than by random occurrence of the allele in the general population?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exclusion
B)   Paternity index
C)   Inclusion
D)   Allele frequency

Question 20

A child has disputed paternity. The child and alleged father have the following STR genotypes:  What can be said of Alleged Father 1?

Accepted Answer

A)   He is the father of the child.
B)   He cannot be excluded as the father.
C)   He is excluded as the father.
D)   More STRs need to be analyzed before a conclusion can be made.

Exam 11: DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification