Question 1

Reciprocal arm swing

Accepted Answer

A)   starts to emerge at age 4 years.
B)   is correlated with decreased base of support.
C)   is common with hand high guard.
D)   is common in early walkers. B

Question 2

You are doing an orthopedic evaluation on a 13-month-old child. The parents are concerned that the child isn't walking. Select the finding that is atypical in a 13-month-old child.

Accepted Answer

A)   The child has no visible longitudinal arch in standing (flat feet) .
B)   The child has a 3-degree hip flexion contracture.
C)   The child has genu valgum.
D)   The child has a straight lateral border of the foot. C

Question 3

A full-term, typically developing neonate will have which following range of motion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Limitations in hip flexion and elbow flexion and excessive plantar flexion
B)   Limitations in hip extension and elbow extension and excessive plantar flexion
C)   Limitations in plantar flexion and excessive hip flexion and elbow extension
D)   Limitations in hip extension and elbow extension and excessive dorsiflexion D

Question 4

The spine of a newborn infant is initially in a

Accepted Answer

A)   scolotic position.
B)   kyphotic position.
C)   straight position.
D)   lordotic position.

Question 5

Select the factor(s) that contributes to neonatal hip instability.

Accepted Answer

A)   Synovial viscosity
B)   High neck shaft angle of inclination
C)   30 degrees of retrotorsion
D)   Spherical femoral head

Question 6

The clavicle, mandible, and facial and cranial flat bones develop directly in vascularized mesenchyme through a process called

Accepted Answer

A)   endochondral ossification.
B)   mesodermal outgrowth.
C)   differentiating chondroblasts.
D)   intramembranous ossification.

Question 7

A flexible flat foot in a typically developing  3 $ 1 / 2 $ -year-old is a concerning finding and should be referred to an orthopedic physician for further evaluation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Cadence is

Accepted Answer

A)   highest in adolescence.
B)   very high in 1-year-old walkers.
C)   highest in toddlers.
D)   stable during maturation of gait.

Question 9

After initial development, bone shape can be changed through a process called

Accepted Answer

A)   metaphysis.
B)   calcification.
C)   ossification.
D)   modeling.

Question 10

To estimate the amount of metatarsus adductus present, you should draw a line that bisects the child's metatarsals and then draw a second line that is perpendicular to this line and bisects the calcaneus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The kinematics of a child's gait are generally mature by which age?

Accepted Answer

A)   2 years
B)   4 years
C)   7 years
D)   9 years

Question 12

Measuring a child's thigh-foot angle gives you an indication of the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)   twisting of the long axis of the tibia (version) .
B)   hamstring limitation.
C)   genu valgum.
D)   metatarsus adductus.

Question 13

When performing the hip prone extension test, you should

Accepted Answer

A)   stabilize the pelvis prior to measuring.
B)   allow the "non-testing" foot to rest gently on the floor.
C)   position the child with one hip on the edge of the plinth and the other securely on the plinth.
D)   test both sides at the same time.

Question 14

It is typical for a 24-month old to have a hip flexion contracture of about 10 degrees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Cartilage provides the initial prenatal structure for the development of bone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

It is common to see the most significant genu valgum posture (knock-kneed) in children around ______year(s) of age.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   19
C)   4
D)   12

Question 17

Variability in joint angle or kinematic patterns during gait is most common in

Accepted Answer

A)   young independent walkers.
B)   toddlers.
C)   adolescents.
D)   running.

Question 18

Select the correct definition(s):

Accepted Answer

A)   Antetorsion is a posterior rotation through the long axis of the femur.
B)   Retrotorsion results in a posterior rotation of the neck of the femur in relation to the acetabulum.
C)   Anteversion refers to the position of the head of the femur relative to its position in the acetabulum.
D)   Retroversion places the leg into external rotation.

Question 19

A tape measure is a more accurate method to measure an actual leg length discrepancy than the block method.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Musculoskeletal System: Structure, Function, and Evaluation

Reciprocal arm swing

You are doing an orthopedic evaluation on a 13-month-old child. The parents are concerned that the child isn't walking. Select the finding that is atypical in a 13-month-old child.

A full-term, typically developing neonate will have which following range of motion?

The spine of a newborn infant is initially in a

Select the factor(s) that contributes to neonatal hip instability.

The clavicle, mandible, and facial and cranial flat bones develop directly in vascularized mesenchyme through a process called

A flexible flat foot in a typically developing 3 $1 / 2$ -year-old is a concerning finding and should be referred to an orthopedic physician for further evaluation.

Cadence is

After initial development, bone shape can be changed through a process called

To estimate the amount of metatarsus adductus present, you should draw a line that bisects the child's metatarsals and then draw a second line that is perpendicular to this line and bisects the calcaneus.

The kinematics of a child's gait are generally mature by which age?

Measuring a child's thigh-foot angle gives you an indication of the amount of

When performing the hip prone extension test, you should

It is typical for a 24-month old to have a hip flexion contracture of about 10 degrees.

Cartilage provides the initial prenatal structure for the development of bone.

It is common to see the most significant genu valgum posture (knock-kneed) in children around ______year(s) of age.

Variability in joint angle or kinematic patterns during gait is most common in

Select the correct definition(s) :

A tape measure is a more accurate method to measure an actual leg length discrepancy than the block method.

Exam 5: Musculoskeletal System: Structure, Function, and Evaluation

Reciprocal arm swing

You are doing an orthopedic evaluation on a 13-month-old child. The parents are concerned that the child isn't walking. Select the finding that is atypical in a 13-month-old child.

A full-term, typically developing neonate will have which following range of motion?

The spine of a newborn infant is initially in a

Select the factor(s) that contributes to neonatal hip instability.

The clavicle, mandible, and facial and cranial flat bones develop directly in vascularized mesenchyme through a process called

A flexible flat foot in a typically developing 3 1/2 1 / 2 1/2 -year-old is a concerning finding and should be referred to an orthopedic physician for further evaluation.

Cadence is

After initial development, bone shape can be changed through a process called

To estimate the amount of metatarsus adductus present, you should draw a line that bisects the child's metatarsals and then draw a second line that is perpendicular to this line and bisects the calcaneus.

The kinematics of a child's gait are generally mature by which age?

Measuring a child's thigh-foot angle gives you an indication of the amount of

When performing the hip prone extension test, you should

It is typical for a 24-month old to have a hip flexion contracture of about 10 degrees.

Cartilage provides the initial prenatal structure for the development of bone.

It is common to see the most significant genu valgum posture (knock-kneed) in children around ______year(s) of age.

Variability in joint angle or kinematic patterns during gait is most common in

Select the correct definition(s) :

A tape measure is a more accurate method to measure an actual leg length discrepancy than the block method.

A flexible flat foot in a typically developing 3 $1 / 2$ -year-old is a concerning finding and should be referred to an orthopedic physician for further evaluation.