Question 1

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c
-Waitresses, according to Greta Foff Paules, often:

Accepted Answer

A)   present an image of themselves as being needy and happy with a tip of any size
B)   incorrectly record a diner's order, making it smaller than it actually should be, in order to win the diner's favor and increase their own tips
C)   see the customer as something to be "processed" in order to get the largest possible tips
D)   frequently keep tips intended for other waitresses
E)   waitresses do all of the above, according to Greta Foff Paules C

Question 2

Uses of the Underclass in America HERBERT J. GANS
-The idea of an "undeserving poor" allows all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   a small minority of the poor, especially a very visible ethnic group, to receive special privileges
B)   the non-poor to feel no responsibility for the plight of the poor or the social processes that generate poverty
C)   employers and government agencies to ignore many poor people as being "unemployable," thus freeing people from the obligation to find solutions to the poor's employment problems
D)   the non-poor to show respect for a social norm that they don't actually follow in their own lives A

Question 3

Uses of the Underclass in America HERBERT J. GANS
-In Gans's essay, the "underclass" is:

Accepted Answer

A)   creative and entrepreneurial people who provide the energy of economic growth, but can never wrest control of the economy from those who inherited their wealth
B)   a misguided or inappropriate term that falsely describes persistently poor people who appear to have put themselves in their impoverished position through behavior that they are unwilling to change
C)   any immigrant group that begins at the bottom of the stratification system and pushes its way into the middle class
D)   the invisible middle class-unrecognized in society but paying most of the taxes B

Question 4

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON
-What kind of work does Thompson describe?

Accepted Answer

A)   work in an shoe factory
B)   work in an electronics firm
C)   work in a slaughter and meatpacking plant
D)   work in a local radio station

Question 5

Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America BARBARA EHRENREICH
-In order to write the essay, Ehrenreich:

Accepted Answer

A)   left her home and family and "posed" as a person with few skills or resources in order to get a menial, low-income job
B)   interviewed more than a dozen women who had dropped out of high school
C)   obtained permission to sit in on meetings with government administrators and social workers
D)   drew on her personal experiences as a single mother who lived on welfare and did low-wage work while her children were growing up
E)   Ehrenreich did all these in order to write her essay

Question 6

The Economic Plight of Inner-City Black Males (from More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City) WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON
-What two approaches does Wilson use in order to understand the problems of inner-city black males?

Accepted Answer

A)   examination of cultural and social structural factors
B)   post-industrial theory and feminist theory
C)   organizational rationality and political economy
D)   historical path-dependency (events could not have unfolded otherwise)  and social psychology

Question 7

Upward Mobility Through Sport? D. STANLEY EITZEN
-Eitzen argues that:

Accepted Answer

A)   whites are more likely to be upwardly mobile through sports than are blacks
B)   very few individuals actually experience upward mobility as a consequence of successful sports careers while they are in school
C)   sports have been the major avenue for minorities to obtain equality in this society
D)   athletic success is a major stepping stone to other kinds of success, especially professionally

Question 8

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c
-Paules describes how:

Accepted Answer

A)   managers often sexually harass waitresses, assuming that the waitress will not protest for fear of loosing her job
B)   the culture of food and eating in American society is perfectly expressed in the waitress/customer relationship
C)   waitresses use various strategies to "make" rather than just "get" a tip
D)   males serving tables in a restaurant receive substantially smaller tips from men and females serving tables receive smaller tips from women

Question 9

The Economic Plight of Inner-City Black Males (from More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City) WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON
-Poor job prospects and joblessness for young black males, according to Wilson, are a consequence of:

Accepted Answer

A)   substandard education in some of the nation's worst schools
B)   declining union membership and the national job market shifting away from well-paid manufacturing jobs
C)   employers' attitudes that cause them to pass over black male job applicants in favor of others
D)   their lack of a network of friends and family who can refer them to unadvertised job openings and vouch for them to prospective employers
E)   All of the above contribute to their joblessness and poor job prospects

Question 10

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c
-Paules's argument attributes waitresses' success in getting larger tips to:

Accepted Answer

A)   treating the customers with courtesy and friendliness
B)   flirting with customers and appearing to be very familiar with complete strangers
C)   serving as many customers as possible in a given shift
D)   providing an image of someone who really needs the tip and will spend the money sensibly
E)   None of the above. It is almost entirely a matter of competence and hard work

Question 11

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON
-Thompson sees the workers' purchases-cars, vans, motorcycles, etc.-as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a symbol of their solidarity and common identity with one another
B)   the fruits of their labor
C)   an effort to assimilate into American culture, since most were originally from Latin America and Asia
D)   a coping mechanism-substitutes for their low status and undesirable jobs
E)   a sign of status aspiration and a desire to have a better life than their parents

Question 12

Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America BARBARA EHRENREICH
-The two biggest problems Ehrenreich found in the low-wage workforce were:

Accepted Answer

A)   managers who bullied or enforced dehumanizing rules, and the impossibility of living on such low wages
B)   drug abuse among employees, and customers who had no respect for employees
C)   high payroll taxes, and getting to work on time
D)   getting fellow employees to work hard, and finding managers who cared about their responsibilities

Question 13

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c
-Low tips or failing to be tipped at all is interpreted by waitresses as:

Accepted Answer

A)   a consequence of the customer's being too cheap, too poor, or too ignorant to tip properly
B)   a personal failure on their part
C)   the fault of the restaurant for not making customers comfortable and happy enough to tip
D)   the result of a bad economy and hard times for working families

Question 14

The Saints and the Roughnecks WILLIAM J. CHAMBLISS
-In Chambliss's study, he observed that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the saints were female and the roughnecks were males
B)   the saints were upper-middle-class youth and the roughnecks were working-class and poor youth
C)   the young people were saints by day and roughnecks by night and on the weekend
D)   the young people were saints in their parents' and teachers' eyes and roughnecks in their own eyes

Question 15

Uses of the Underclass in America HERBERT J. GANS
-Gans argues that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the label "undeserving," when attached to poor persons, provides an excuse for not trying to solve the problem of poverty itself
B)   poverty has always been a "testing ground" for personal worth and the will to work hard in order to succeed
C)   many cultural innovations (e.g. music, fashion, and literature)  come from people who are considered poor in material terms but are rich in creativity
D)   poverty causes the non-poor to think about social problems and take steps to help solve these problems through their churches, schools, and community organizations

Question 16

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON
-In Thompson's essay what term is NOT used to describe the work?

Accepted Answer

A)   dehumanizing
B)   monotonous
C)   dishonest
D)   dangerous

Question 17

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON
-The "trick" of getting everything done and being able to take scheduled breaks proved to be:

Accepted Answer

A)   periodically working at a frenzied pace in order to "get ahead"
B)   pretending everything important had been done, even when it hadn't
C)   "blowing off" much of the routine work and concentrating on the "bangers" that catch people's attention
D)   stuffing unfinished work in a bag and doing it at home at night, bringing it back the next day
E)   changing the charge slips in such a way that less work was required in order to meet a quota

Question 18

From Borderline Americans: Racial Divisions and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands KATHERINE BENTON-COHEN
-In Benton-Cohen's essay, what is meant by "a true American?"

Accepted Answer

A)   anyone born in the U.S. or who is a naturalized citizen
B)   someone who is married, works contentedly, is a homeowner, and is of Northern European descent
C)   someone who shares the values and ideals of "Americanism" and a love for the Constitution, no matter where they live
D)   people who fight for their country or in other ways make the country stronger and safer
E)   anyone living in North or South America

Question 19

From Borderline Americans: Racial Divisions and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands KATHERINE BENTON-COHEN
-Benton-Cohen points out that:

Accepted Answer

A)   economic prosperity is based on hard work and savings, not insuring that everybody gets what they want
B)   "whiteness" was never an issue in ethnic relations in the U.S. Southwest. The issue has always been one of the legality and illegality of those who come to this country
C)   assigning people to a particular ethnic group, even one that never before existed, is often the outcome of political and economic competition
D)   unions generally benefit those workers who already have the best situation, and they do nothing for those workers who have the greatest needs and worst working conditions27)  "Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant)  GRETA FOFF PAULES

Question 20

Manifesto of the Communist Party KARL MARX and FRIEDRICH ENGELS
-According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, capitalism would lead to conflict between two social classes:

Accepted Answer

A)   the people who profit from the ownership of property and the people who work for a wage or a salary
B)   the people living in industrialized nations and the people in non-industrialized societies
C)   the people with valuable skills and the people with few or no marketable skills
D)   farmers and urban workers
E)   wage earners and the unemployed

Exam 5: Social Inequality and Labor

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c -Waitresses, according to Greta Foff Paules, often:

Uses of the Underclass in America HERBERT J. GANS -The idea of an "undeserving poor" allows all of the following EXCEPT:

Uses of the Underclass in America HERBERT J. GANS -In Gans's essay, the "underclass" is:

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON -What kind of work does Thompson describe?

Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America BARBARA EHRENREICH -In order to write the essay, Ehrenreich:

The Economic Plight of Inner-City Black Males (from More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City) WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON -What two approaches does Wilson use in order to understand the problems of inner-city black males?

Upward Mobility Through Sport? D. STANLEY EITZEN -Eitzen argues that:

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c -Paules describes how:

The Economic Plight of Inner-City Black Males (from More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City) WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON -Poor job prospects and joblessness for young black males, according to Wilson, are a consequence of:

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c -Paules's argument attributes waitresses' success in getting larger tips to:

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON -Thompson sees the workers' purchases-cars, vans, motorcycles, etc.-as:

Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America BARBARA EHRENREICH -The two biggest problems Ehrenreich found in the low-wage workforce were:

"Getting" and "Making" a Tip (from Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance among Waitresses in a New Jersey Restaurant) GRETA FOFF PAULES c -Low tips or failing to be tipped at all is interpreted by waitresses as:

The Saints and the Roughnecks WILLIAM J. CHAMBLISS -In Chambliss's study, he observed that:

Uses of the Underclass in America HERBERT J. GANS -Gans argues that:

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON -In Thompson's essay what term is NOT used to describe the work?

Hanging Tongues: A Sociological Encounter with the Assembly Line WILLIAM E. THOMPSON -The "trick" of getting everything done and being able to take scheduled breaks proved to be:

From Borderline Americans: Racial Divisions and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands KATHERINE BENTON-COHEN -In Benton-Cohen's essay, what is meant by "a true American?"

From Borderline Americans: Racial Divisions and Labor War in the Arizona Borderlands KATHERINE BENTON-COHEN -Benton-Cohen points out that:

Manifesto of the Communist Party KARL MARX and FRIEDRICH ENGELS -According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, capitalism would lead to conflict between two social classes: