Question 1

A single-factor experiment that assigns participants to groups via random assignment is called a(n) _____________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single-factor experiment that assigns participants to...

Question 2

Of the studies described in the chapter, which most clearly illustrates the ability of a multilevel design to produce a nonlinear effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Bransford and Johnson study on the effects of context on memory 
B)  the Mozart effect study 
C)  the study with the moving room 
D)  the Yerkes Dodson arousal-performance study

Question 3

In the research example that evaluated the effects of subliminal self-help tapes on weight loss, which of the following was true?

Accepted Answer

A)  the study used both a placebo control and a waiting list control 
B)  the study was a good example of the failure to use a proper control group 
C)  the tapes worked-participants using them lost weight, while those in the placebo group actually gained some weight 
D)  participants in the yoked control group listened to non-subliminal tapes

Question 4

Kroeger and colleagues examined the effects of a social skills training program in children with autism. The study included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  use of a double-blind procedure 
B)  matching for autism functioning 
C)  matching for social skills training 
D)  interobserver reliability calculations

Question 5

In the study on the effectiveness of EMDR, how were participants in the yoked control group treated?

Accepted Answer

A)  they moved their eyes randomly, instead of following the therapist's lead 
B)  they were not given any form of therapy 
C)  the length of their "therapy" sessions matched those in the experimental group 
D)  they were matched in terms of how severe their problem was

Question 6

A researcher examines three groups of participants, extreme Type A, extreme Type B, and those in the middle. Each group is given a time estimation task (i.e., indicate when a minute has passed). What is the design?

Accepted Answer

A)  multilevel, independent groups 
B)  multilevel, repeated measures 
C)  multilevel, matched groups 
D)  multilevel, nonequivalent groups

Question 7

What was the reason for using more than two conditions in the Bransford and Johnson study of the effects of context on memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  they hoped to discover nonlinear effects 
B)  they hoped to rule out different interpretations about the effects of context 
C)  they hoped to find differences between their five distinct independent variables 
D)  they hoped to show that context was not important for memory

Question 8

A t test for independent samples is to a t test for dependent samples as ______ is to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an independent groups design; a nonequivalent groups design 
B)  a repeated-measures design; a matched groups design 
C)  nonequivalent groups design; a repeated-measures design 
D)  a matched groups design; a repeated-measures design

Question 9

Studies with two levels of a repeated-measures independent variable would have the data analyzed by using a(n) _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies with two levels of a repeated-measures...

Question 10

A single-factor experiment in which all participants experience each of the levels of the independent variable is called a(n) _____________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single-factor experiment in which all participants...

Question 11

If the results are portrayed in the form of a line graph, then the independent variable on the X-axis is most likely to be a __________ rather than a discrete variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the results are portrayed in the...

Question 12

A well-known example of a study that produced a nonlinear effect was the memory study by Ebbinghaus that produced his forgetting curve. Which of the following is true about his study?

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable was the amount of time between studying and recalling 
B)  it was a single-factor, two level, repeated-measures design 
C)  it was a multilevel, matched groups design 
D)  the independent variable was a "savings" score

Question 13

From an ethical standpoint, describe the arguments for and against the use of control groups in, for example, a study that evaluated the effects of giving nursing home patients some additional control over their lives (e.g., giving them a plant to care for).

Accepted Answer

The answer of From an ethical standpoint, describe the arguments...

Question 14

What are the defining features of the three main designs that involve between-subjects factors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the defining features of the...

Question 15

A study by McDonald and Flanagan evaluated the effects of traumatic brain injury, using a single-factor ___________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent groups design 
B)  matched groups design 
C)  nonequivalent groups design 
D)  repeated-measures design

Question 16

A study by McDonald and Flanagan evaluated the effects of traumatic brain injury. Which of the following is true about their study?

Accepted Answer

A)  causal conclusions could be drawn 
B)  random assignment was used, rather than matching 
C)  the study used a multilevel, independent groups design 
D)  the study used a subject variable with two levels

Question 17

If a between-subjects design uses the subject variable of gender and has just one independent variable, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  the design is a multilevel design 
B)  the design is a repeated-measures design 
C)  the design is a nonequivalent groups design 
D)  the design will be analyzed with a t test for related samples

Question 18

How should a multilevel, independent groups design be analyzed if there are three groups (A, B, C) in the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  use 3 t tests (A & B, A & C, B & 
C)  
B)  find the two groups farthest apart and compare them with a t test 
C)  complete a 3-factor analysis of variance 
D)  complete a 1-factor analysis of variance

Question 19

Multilevel designs enable the researcher to discover ______ effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Multilevel designs enable the researcher to discover...

Question 20

A t test for dependent samples is used to compare experimental conditions in which of the following designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  single-factor, independent groups design 
B)  single-factor, matched groups design 
C)  single-factor, nonequivalent groups design 
D)  both alternatives a. and c.

Exam 7: Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs