Question 1

Negation is expressed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in word order. 
B)  tacking on a marker at the beginning or ending of a sentence. 
C)  by shaking one's head. 
D)  All of these answers are true.

Question 2

The major interest in the subject of "nature or nurture" derives from:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychologists' questions regarding babies' ability to talk. 
B)  discussions concerning children's general cognitive processing. 
C)  interest in how children acquire grammatical knowledge. 
D)  studies of animal's communicative behavior.

Question 3

Complex sentences appear in children's language:

Accepted Answer

A)  after negations. 
B)  in the order of object complementation, wh-embedded clauses, coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. 
C)  by the majority of children between 6 and 7 years old. 
D)  by the majority of children between 4 and 5 years old.

Question 4

Syntax refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  range of words an individual has in his or her lexicon. 
B)  endings of words when used in sentences. 
C)  rules for carrying out conversations. 
D)  rules for ordering parts of sentences.

Question 5

Berko (1958) used his "wub test," to give children nonsense words and:

Accepted Answer

A)  asked them to supply blank words. 
B)  examined patterns in children's productivity. 
C)  concluded that their underlying linguistic knowledge equaled aspects of their expressive language. 
D)  found that 3 year olds cannot use nonsense words in connected speech.

Question 6

Children between 12 and 14 months of age comprehend meaning in word combinations according to:

Accepted Answer

A)  word order only. 
B)  word order and syntax. 
C)  word order, syntax and MLU. 
D)  word order, syntax, and grammatical morphemes.

Question 7

Morphemes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  lexical items. 
B)  the smallest units of meaning. 
C)  a sentence unit. 
D)  embedded in words.

Question 8

Behaviorists' accounts of language development claim that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children use input to formulate language rules. 
B)  children imitate what they area and are reinforced when they are correct. 
C)  children use a universal grammar to develop language. 
D)  social interaction is critical to language development.

Question 9

Describe the stages of grammatical development in early multiword utterances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the stages of grammatical development in...

Question 10

The social/cognitive position on language development claims:

Accepted Answer

A)  children imitate what they hear and are reinforced when they are correct. 
B)  social interaction with other speakers is the requisite experience for language development. 
C)  children use a universal grammar to develop language. 
D)  children use semantic bootstrapping to develop language.

Question 11

Describe the research on how children's experience with language influences development of grammatical knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the research on how children's experience...

Question 12

Describe the meaning of semantic bootstrapping, compare and contrast literature on the significance of it in child language development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the meaning of semantic bootstrapping, compare...

Question 13

Mastery of the use of grammatical morphemes:

Accepted Answer

A)  emerges early in the child's language after starting to use telegraphic speech. 
B)  occurs when the child has full command of the use of the progressive "ing". 
C)  requires a long time to achieve. 
D)  is a simple, but gradual process.

Question 14

Combinatorial speech refers to instances when children:

Accepted Answer

A)  combine meanings in two-word utterances. 
B)  combine meanings in three-word utterances. 
C)  develop cognitive skills which reflect knowledge of semantic relations in two and three-word utterances. 
D)  All of these answers are true.

Question 15

Studies of the relationship of grammatical development to cognitive development indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the acquisition of grammar is closely associated with levels of symbolic play. 
B)  children who use longer utterances are more cognitively advanced. 
C)  general cognitive development processes are closely associated with grammatical development. 
D)  there is little correlation between grammatical development and cognitive development.

Question 16

The view that children's grammar is not "adult like" is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  lexically-based grammar. 
B)  inflection-based grammar. 
C)  syntactically-based grammar. 
D)  semantically-based grammar.

Exam 6: The Development of Syntax and Morphology: Learning the Structure of Language