Question 1

Visual illusions,such as the vertical/horizontal illusion,provide a demonstration of one problem with the _________ of knowing or acquiring knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) rational method 
B) method of authority 
C) empirical method 
D) scientific method

Question 2

Based on limited experience with daises in my flower garden,I have concluded that these flowers require almost no care at all.This conclusion is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning. 
B) deductive reasoning. 
C) practical reasoning. 
D) predictive reasoning.

Question 3

Distinguish between induction and deduction and describe how each is used in the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between induction and deduction and describe...

Question 4

A limitation of using the method of empiricism is

Accepted Answer

A) people can be fooled so that they misperceive the world around them. 
B) people see things accurately but misinterpret their perceptions. 
C) the method of empiricism can be time consuming and even dangerous. 
D) the other three choices are all limitations.

Question 5

A researcher decides to copy a study exactly.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) empiricism. 
B) replication. 
C) control. 
D) tenacity.

Question 6

A good hypothesis must

Accepted Answer

A) refer to variables that can be observed or measured. 
B) make a positive statement about the existence of an effect or a relationship. 
C) allow for the possibility that the observations will not support the hypothesis. 
D) the other three choices are all characteristics of a good hypothesis.

Question 7

One critical component of the scientific method is that all answers or explanations must be demonstrated empirically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific research is public. 
B) Scientific research is empirical. 
C) Scientific research is conducted in a laboratory. 
D) Scientific research is objective.

Question 9

Pseudoscience is based on objective empirical evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart,the doctor is gathering information by using the

Accepted Answer

A) method of authority. 
B) rational method. 
C) empirical method. 
D) method of intuition.

Question 11

Which of the following describes a similarity between science and pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A) Both are based on objective observations. 
B) Both are open to change when new data contradict old theories. 
C) Both tend to use "scientific" jargon. 
D) Both are based on hypotheses that are testable and refutable.

Question 12

An explanation is empirical if it is

Accepted Answer

A) based on widely held beliefs. 
B) based on logical deductions. 
C) based on evidence of the senses. 
D) based on respect for the source of the explanation.

Question 13

A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would happen.Which method of acquiring knowledge is she using?

Accepted Answer

A) method of empiricism 
B) rational method 
C) method of authority 
D) scientific method

Question 14

A good hypothesis should make a positive statement about the existence of a relationship,a difference,or a treatment effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The mode of inquiry that is called the method of faith is a variant of which other method of inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A) the method of empiricism 
B) the rational method 
C) the method of authority 
D) the scientific method

Question 16

If the scientific method is being used to evaluate a hypothesis predicting a specific relationship between two variables,then it is essential that both variables can be measured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A football player who knows that his performance will be better if he wears his lucky shirt is using the method of faith.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Visual illusions demonstrate one problem with the method of empiricism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential problem with the method of authority?

Accepted Answer

A) A person may claim to be an expert when he or she really is not. 
B) An "expert" answer may be only a personal,subjective opinion. 
C) An expert may be giving answers outside his or her area of expertise. 
D) The other three choices are all potential problems.

Question 20

The last step in the research process is

Accepted Answer

A) actually collecting the data. 
B) using statistical techniques to evaluate the results. 
C) replicating the study. 
D) generating new questions or new hypotheses to restart the research process.

Exam 1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Visual illusions,such as the vertical/horizontal illusion,provide a demonstration of one problem with the _________ of knowing or acquiring knowledge.

Based on limited experience with daises in my flower garden,I have concluded that these flowers require almost no care at all.This conclusion is an example of

Distinguish between induction and deduction and describe how each is used in the scientific method.

A limitation of using the method of empiricism is

A researcher decides to copy a study exactly.This is referred to as

A good hypothesis must

One critical component of the scientific method is that all answers or explanations must be demonstrated empirically.

Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of scientific research?

Pseudoscience is based on objective empirical evidence.

When your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart,the doctor is gathering information by using the

Which of the following describes a similarity between science and pseudoscience?

An explanation is empirical if it is

A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would happen.Which method of acquiring knowledge is she using?

A good hypothesis should make a positive statement about the existence of a relationship,a difference,or a treatment effect.

The mode of inquiry that is called the method of faith is a variant of which other method of inquiry?

If the scientific method is being used to evaluate a hypothesis predicting a specific relationship between two variables,then it is essential that both variables can be measured.

A football player who knows that his performance will be better if he wears his lucky shirt is using the method of faith.

Visual illusions demonstrate one problem with the method of empiricism.

Which of the following is a potential problem with the method of authority?

The last step in the research process is