Question 1

According to data on mass incarceration in the United States,the national cost per prisoner is approximately how much per year?

Accepted Answer

A)  $5,000 
B)  $10,000 
C)  $15,000 
D)  $20,000

Question 2

A person who desires a big mansion and the perfect "American Dream" lifestyle,but sells illegal drugs to achieve this,is known by Merton as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  ritualist. 
B)  conformist. 
C)  rebel. 
D)  innovator.

Question 3

Although deviant behavior can be bad for social cohesion,it is paradoxical because:

Accepted Answer

A)  we tend to ignore most deviant behavior. 
B)  it is the deviants among us who hold society together. 
C)  most deviant behavior tends to disappear if it is too threatening to social cohesion. 
D)  definitions of deviance never change over time.

Question 4

Picking your nose in public is an example of which type of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)  informal 
B)  formal 
C)  criminal 
D)  secondary

Question 5

An elementary school isn't a total institution because:

Accepted Answer

A)  students leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time. 
B)  children cannot be subjected to total institutions. 
C)  there are bureaucratic rules that govern schools. 
D)  too many children attend elementary school to make it possible.

Question 6

A policy of imprisoning and monitoring criminal offenders for committing crimes in an effort to prevent them from committing more crimes is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  specific deterrence. 
B)  general deterrence. 
C)  anomie. 
D)  recidivism.

Question 7

A drug dealer stops selling drugs after learning on the street that another dealer was caught and punished.This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  specific deterrence 
B)  general deterrence 
C)  anomie 
D)  recidivism

Question 8

When a prison offers educational opportunities,mental health treatment,and job training programs to inmates,which response to deviance is it engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  restitutive 
B)  rehabilitative 
C)  repressive 
D)  recidivist

Question 9

Define what Durkheim meant by social cohesion and distinguish between his two types of social solidarity,using an example of each.Which is most applicable to the modern-day United States,and why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define what Durkheim meant by social cohesion...

Question 10

According to Durkheim's research,what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to kill themselves than Catholics and Jews?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protestantism is premised on the collective conscience. 
B)  Protestantism is premised on the individual, which creates less social integration. 
C)  Protestants are the poorest of religious groups. 
D)  Protestants are the most politically oppressed of religious groups.

Question 11

Mark is a member of a small tribe in New Guinea.The majority of people in his group fish for sustenance and share their catch with all the other members.Most of the people in his culture are very similar in their values,norms,and outlook on life.Mark steals from another member of his tribe.He will probably receive which type of social realignment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mark will be shamed in front of the entire tribe. 
B)  Mark will have to complete 20 hours of community service work. 
C)  Mark will be put on probation for months. 
D)  Mark will be sent to juvenile hall to be rehabilitated.

Question 12

One of the major changes associated with the modern prison system is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the shift from "violence against the body" to "reforming the soul." 
B)  the shift from private to public punishments. 
C)  reduced public spending on prisons. 
D)  the rise of the prison as a "total institution."

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding the current U.S.incarceration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has remained relatively stable for the past 20 years. 
B)  It has decreased in the past 20 years. 
C)  It has been slowly decreasing, but only in the past five years. 
D)  It is the highest in American history.

Question 14

Labeling theory focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ways in which society labels different kinds of activities as deviant. 
B)  the social process through which law enforcement learns to recognize the signs of deviance. 
C)  rehabilitation of deviants through appropriate intervention. 
D)  the social process through which people become deviants.

Question 15

In a gathering society,most people do the same things.They gather food for their survival,so the members of a society are very similar.Durkheim would say that the type of solidarity in a gathering society would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlling. 
B)  dependent. 
C)  organic. 
D)  mechanical.

Question 16

According to Becker,why do marijuana smokers enjoy using the drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  They engage in a social process of learning to define the experience as fun and pleasurable. 
B)  They are covering up or trying to escape some other deviant tendencies. 
C)  They are genetically predisposed to enjoying its effects. 
D)  Because breaking the law is a pleasurable activity for deviants.

Question 17

Which theory suggests that "crime results from a rational calculation of the costs and benefits of criminal activity"?

Accepted Answer

A)  broken windows theory 
B)  differential opportunity theory 
C)  labeling theory 
D)  deterrence theory

Question 18

Which theory developed by Cloward and Ohlin (1960)explains that street crime rises and falls in relation to the availability of legitimate economic opportunities?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential opportunity theory 
B)  strain theory 
C)  deterrence theory 
D)  broken windows theory

Question 19

Which term best describes what happens when other people label a person and that label affects his or her actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  rebellion 
B)  innovation 
C)  primary deviance 
D)  secondary deviance

Question 20

Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterized premodern life?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical 
B)  organic 
C)  anomic 
D)  egoistic

Exam 6: Social Control and Deviance