Question 1

Intellectual disability was formerly referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   mental retardation.
B)   Down syndrome.
C)   autism spectrum disorder.
D)   savant disorder. A

Question 2

Research suggests that age-related cognitive differences explain why

Accepted Answer

A)   mathematicians and scientists produce much of their most creative work during their early twenties or early thirties.
B)   authors and historians produce much of their most creative work during their early twenties or early thirties.
C)   most people produce much of their most creative work during their early twenties or thirties.
D)   most people produce much of their most creative work during their forties and fifties. A

Question 3

The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of state capitals is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal intelligence;cross-sectional intelligence
B)   cross-sectional intelligence;longitudinal intelligence
C)   crystallized intelligence;fluid intelligence
D)   fluid intelligence;crystallized intelligence D

Question 4

Professor Juarez is interested in measuring the difference in spatial ability between people of different ages.He intends to give these individuals a spatial abilities test during the next year.Professor Juarez will be conducting

Accepted Answer

A)   a cohort study.
B)   a longitudinal study.
C)   a cross-sectional study.
D)   the Flynn effect.

Question 5

Those diagnosed with an intellectual disability score approximately 70 or below on an intelligence test and also demonstrate a limitation in

Accepted Answer

A)   hybrid vigor.
B)   physical health.
C)   adaptive behavior.
D)   cross-sectional intelligence.

Question 6

Melody has a learning disability,Marla has normal intelligence,and Keith is considered "gifted." What traits would you expect each of these people to have?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Melody has a learning disability,Marla has normal...

Question 7

Imagine that you are a scientist who is examining how intelligence changes with age.Design both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study to examine how intelligence changes from young to middle to late adulthood.What results would you expect from each type of study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you are a scientist who...

Question 8

Ian Deary and his colleagues retested 80-year-old Scots,using an intelligence test the Scots had taken as 11-year-olds.The procedure used in this research best illustrates a

Accepted Answer

A)   crystallized study.
B)   longitudinal study.
C)   cohort study.
D)   cross-sectional study.

Question 9

Intelligence scores are most likely to be stable over a one-year period for a

Accepted Answer

A)   preschool student whose intelligence test score is 80.
B)   second-grade student whose intelligence test score is 125.
C)   fifth-grade student whose intelligence test score is 115.
D)   tenth-grade student whose intelligence test score is 95.

Question 10

As adults age,they show the greatest declines in

Accepted Answer

A)   fluid intelligence and the memory needed to recognize recently presented information.
B)   fluid intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information.
C)   crystallized intelligence and in the memory needed to recognize recently presented information.
D)   crystallized intelligence and in the memory needed to recall recently presented information.

Question 11

Jada began to read when she was 4 years old.Based on this information,what can we predict about her performance on the college aptitude test she will take as an eighth-grader?

Accepted Answer

A)   She will score about the same as average female high school seniors.
B)   She will score considerably lower than most high school seniors.
C)   She will score considerably higher than most high school seniors.
D)   We cannot predict college aptitude test performance using reading ability at age 4.

Question 12

Which of the following is a major limitation of longitudinal studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   They compare people of different ages.
B)   They compare people who were born in different eras.
C)   Participants may withdraw from the study or not survive until the end of the study.
D)   They compare the same people over an extended period of time.

Question 13

Byong Yu just turned 60 years old.He's been an avid reader since he was a child,absorbing information about all kinds of disparate topics.He now feels ready to use his accumulated knowledge to create a book of crossword puzzles.The resulting puzzles would demonstrate his

Accepted Answer

A)   constant intelligence.
B)   fluid intelligence.
C)   cross intelligence.
D)   crystallized intelligence.

Question 14

Educators who wish to affirm children's special talents and challenge them at the frontiers of their understanding advocate appropriate

Accepted Answer

A)   higher-level conceptual skills.
B)   development of cohort skills.
C)   placement suited to each child's talent.
D)   development of fluid skills.

Question 15

Researchers at one point in time assess and compare the performance of different age groups on the SAT.The procedure used in this research best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   a cross-sectional study.
B)   a cohort study.
C)   a longitudinal study.
D)   the Flynn effect.

Question 16

The restandardization of intelligence tests over the past decade renders ________ Americans eligible for special education and ________ Americans eligible for the death penalty.

Accepted Answer

A)   more;fewer
B)   fewer;more
C)   more;more
D)   fewer;fewer

Question 17

One reason older adults are less likely than younger adults to embrace new computer technologies involves the decline in ________ that occurs during adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)   accumulated knowledge
B)   fluid intelligence
C)   verbal skills
D)   crystallized intelligence

Question 18

To qualify for the office manager's job,55-year-old Mariel must take a series of psychological tests.Her performance on the test of ________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25-year-old.

Accepted Answer

A)   general knowledge
B)   spelling
C)   abstract reasoning
D)   vocabulary

Question 19

On which of the following tasks are 55-year-old adults most likely to perform just as effectively as they could 30 years earlier?

Accepted Answer

A)   writing a story
B)   solving an abstract geometry problem
C)   recalling the names of recently introduced strangers
D)   repeating numbers in the opposite order they were presented

Question 20

Mark has an intellectual disability and experiences difficulties when it comes to finances and time management.Which area of independent living is he having difficulties with?

Accepted Answer

A)   conceptual skills
B)   social skills
C)   verbal skills
D)   practical skills

Exam 30: Language and Thought