Which Activity Would Be Considered Pharming

Multiple Choice

Which activity would be considered pharming?

A) Using expression vectors to modulate the expression of a gene that codes for an enzyme in the liver of a cow in order to increase milk yield
B) Using CRISPR technology to induce specific mutations in a gene in potatoes in order to infer its function
C) Using CRISPR technology to knock out expression of a gene in order to make a more cold-resistant variety of wheat
D) Using microarrays to infer how genome-wide patterns of gene expression vary between different varieties of asparagus
E) Using recombinant DNA technology to produce mass quantities of an antibiotic in cows