Question 1

Refer to the figure below.In which of the following electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings does deep, restorative, slow-wave sleep occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Non-REM Stage 1
B)   Non-REM Stage 2
C)   Non-REM Stage 3
D)   REM
E)   None of the recordings C

Question 2

The reticular activating system at the core of the brainstem modulates cycles of rest and activity by

Accepted Answer

A)   monitoring incoming sensory information and promoting wakefulness or allowing sleep in higher brain regions.
B)   tracking hormone levels in the bloodstream.
C)   conducting motor commands from the brain to the body.
D)   balancing incoming sensory information with physiological functions.
E)   coordinating muscle activity and maintaining balance. A

Question 3

Sensory information from our organs, besides going to its regulatory centers, also goes to the insular lobe of the cerebral cortex.This structure is involved in all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   the integration of physiological information to produce a sensation of how the body feels.
B)   communication with brain regions involved in planning.
C)   activity in situations producing strong emotions.
D)   bypassing cortical regions to maintain homeostasis.
E)   ability to distinguish good food from spoiled food. D

Question 4

All of the following characterize binocular cells except:

Accepted Answer

A)   enable depth perception and 3-dimensional vision.
B)   all respond no matter how distant the stimulus is.
C)   receive input from the right and left eyes.
D)   detect disparity between where an image falls on the two retinas.
E)   located at the borders of columns of neurons in the visual cortex.

Question 5

The _______ controls the pituitary gland and plays a major role in homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebrum
B)   hypothalamus
C)   medulla
D)   thalamus
E)   pons

Question 6

Which of these pairs of actions will both cause an increase in salivation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stimulating sympathetic nerves to salivary glands, and applying norepinephrine to salivary gland cells
B)   Stimulating parasympathetic nerves to salivary glands, and applying norepinephrine to salivary gland cells
C)   Damaging parasympathetic nerves to salivary glands, and applying acetylcholine to salivary gland cells
D)   Stimulating parasympathetic nerves to salivary glands, and applying acetylcholine to salivary gland cells
E)   Damaging sympathetic nerves to salivary glands, and applying norepinephrine to salivary gland cells

Question 7

Which characteristic is associated with the forward-facing eyes of predatory birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Excellent color vision
B)   Minimal overlap of visual fields
C)   Poor binocular vision
D)   Good depth perception
E)   Eyes well-suited for seeing at both low and high light levels

Question 8

During the transition from non-REM sleep to REM sleep, an EEG shows similar patterns between REM sleep waves and those of the awake brain.All of the following are part of this similarity except:

Accepted Answer

A)   inactive brainstem nuclei become active again.
B)   the cortex generates conscious mental images.
C)   neurons in the thalamus and cortex are hyperpolarized.
D)   synchronized bursts of action potentials cease.
E)   resting potentials of cortical neurons rise.

Question 9

Which of the following about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Preganglionic neurons come from cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord.
B)   It has preganglionic cholinergic neurons.
C)   It inhibits salivation.
D)   It has postganglionic noradrenergic neurons.
E)   It relaxes the urinary bladder.

Question 10

Refer to the figure.  If a person's vision is intact but he is unable to detect motion, which numbered region of the brain is most likely damaged? Identify the region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.  If a...

Question 11

One of the two major sleep states is non-REM sleep, the last stage of which is characterized by the _______ EEG pattern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the two major sleep states...

Question 12

Gymnasts rely on parts of their brains to execute their routines precisely.The region of the brain that is most important for coordinating motor commands and maintaining balance is the _______, which develops from the embryonic _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebrum; forebrain
B)   cerebral cortex; hindbrain
C)   cerebellum; hindbrain
D)   right cerebral hemisphere; midbrain
E)   diencephalon; forebrain

Question 13

All of the following statements concerning the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are correct except:

Accepted Answer

A)   Afferent nerves of the PNS bring information to the central nervous system.
B)   Efferent nerves of the PNS bring information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
C)   The voluntary division of the PNS uses afferent nerves to execute conscious movements.
D)   The involuntary division of the efferent portion of the PNS is the autonomic division.
E)   The autonomic division controls physiological functions.

Question 14

An injury to the head leaves a person without the ability to speak but leaves the abilities to read and understand language intact.The region of the brain that is most likely damaged is

Accepted Answer

A)   Wernicke's area.
B)   the brainstem.
C)   the auditory cortex.
D)   Broca's area.
E)   the right cerebral hemisphere.

Question 15

Species with front-facing eyes and overlapping visual fields have

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to see equally well to the front and to the sides.
B)   selective vision.
C)   binocular vision.
D)   poor depth perception.
E)   an extensive field of view.

Question 16

The optic nerves converge briefly in the _______ and then separate again.

Accepted Answer

A)   occipital lobe
B)   thalamus
C)   retina
D)   optic chiasm
E)   visual cortex

Question 17

Refer to the figure.  The figure shows the language areas of the cortex involved in repeating a heard word.What would be the likely result of an accident that damaged the brain region marked 3 in the figure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.  The figure...

Question 18

Damage to the _______ lobe of the cerebrum causes major changes in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal; personality
B)   occipital; hearing
C)   temporal lobe; executive functions
D)   parietal: ability to recognize faces
E)   frontal; ability to process visual information

Question 19

The _______ cortex of humans receives information about social interactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ cortex of humans receives information...

Question 20

Refer to the figure, which shows the human brain.  Choose the incorrect match between the numbered brain region and its primary function(s).

Accepted Answer

A)   1; controls muscles, contributes to personality, and allows future planning
B)   2; receives information about touch and pressure
C)   3; receives information about social interactions
D)   4; processes auditory information and functions in recognition and naming of objects
E)   5; receives somatosensory and autonomic regulatory information

Exam 46: The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions