Which Situation Is an Example of a Density-Independent Limiting Effect

Multiple Choice

Which situation is an example of a density-independent limiting effect?

A) The killing of seedlings by drought
B) A limited food supply due to competition
C) A limit of nesting space in an area to 70 nests
D) The tendency of aggregations of guppies to attract predators
E) An increase in the incidence of malaria as populations increase