Refer to the Paragraph Below

Multiple Choice

Refer to the paragraph below. The African wild dog is highly endangered as a result of habitat fragmentation, hunting pressure, and contagious diseases contracted from domestic dogs as humans encroach on the wild dogs' habitat.Hunting, breeding, and pup and adult survival depend on a large pack size, in which individuals cooperate and help one another.This is particularly important because the dogs are relatively small.Historically, the average pack size was about 60 animals; today it ranges from 10 to 20.
According to the Allee effect, what is the likely effect on the population of this much smaller pack size?

A) Positive, because smaller numbers will decrease competition
B) Positive, because there will be fewer dogs to contract diseases
C) Neutral, because the effects on population size come from outside
D) Negative, because the remaining packs will fit into smaller areas
E) Negative, because fewer individuals will result in less pack cooperation