Question 1

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called ____________ memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called ____________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  context dependent; state dependent 
B)  semantic; episodic 
C)  episodic; semantic 
D)  state dependent; context dependent

Question 2

You can attend to a single conversation with a friend in the middle of a room filled with people talking, yet if someone else mentions your name it grabs your attention. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the failure of selective attention 
B)  shadowing 
C)  change blindness 
D)  the cocktail phenomenon

Question 3

Which of the following does memory bias NOT result from?

Accepted Answer

A)  The human tendency to exaggerate successes. 
B)  The human tendency to minimize failures. 
C)  The human tendency to have consistent beliefs. 
D)  The human tendency to accurately report events.

Question 4

Joanna's boyfriend Kyle has been arrested for robbery. Joanna believes that Kyle was with her all that day. However, a teacher claims that Joanna was on a field trip. If the police had an fMRI scanner they could evaluate Joanna's memory. If Joanna's memory is accurate, then recalling the day of the robbery should activate:

Accepted Answer

A)  the areas of the brain involved in telling the truth 
B)  the same areas as other memories of being with Kyle 
C)  different areas than remembering the field trip 
D)  b and c

Question 5

False memories (i.e., the false recollection of episodic memories):

Accepted Answer

A)  only occurs in children 
B)  only occurs in adults 
C)  lack details compared to true memories 
D)  can result from merely imagining something happening

Question 6

If you are imagining how you might rearrange your room to have more space, you are using:

Accepted Answer

A)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  episodic memory 
C)  iconic memory 
D)  procedural memory

Question 7

It could be argued that change blindness is adaptive because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  saves space in working memory 
B)  prioritizes important information 
C)  decreases encoding time and effort 
D)  reduces the need for rehearsal

Question 8

Michael incorrectly judged his distance while ski jumping and crashed head first into a tree. Since the accident, he has difficulty in developing goals and following plans. Michael has most probably damaged his ____________ lobes.

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal 
B)  frontal 
C)  temporal 
D)  occipital

Question 9

Digitally editing a photograph on a computer is analogous to which memory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  spreading activation 
B)  elaborative rehearsal 
C)  reconsolidation 
D)  retrieval

Question 10

Lashley's idea that memory is distributed equally throughout the brain is contradicted by the idea of:

Accepted Answer

A)  equipotentiality 
B)  consolidation 
C)  fire together wire together 
D)  concurrent storage

Question 11

Michael is participating in a psychology experiment in which he is shadowing a physics passage in his right ear, while hearing a novel in his left ear. Michael wants to get done so he can go home and watch the big game. If a sentence giving the score in the game is inserted into the passage from the novel, Michael is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  shadow the right ear and attend the left ear material 
B)  shadow the right ear and ignore the left ear material 
C)  shadow the left ear material and ignore the right ear material 
D)  shadow the left ear and attend the right ear material

Question 12

Ivaylo goes skiing after many years away from the sport. What kind of memory makes it possible for him to get back on the slopes without taking new skiing lessons?

Accepted Answer

A)  declarative memory 
B)  episodic memory 
C)  explicit memory 
D)  procedural memory

Question 13

An older view of human memory argued that all memories were essentially of the same type. Newer views disagree, arguing that memories involve different:

Accepted Answer

A)  strengths 
B)  types of neurons 
C)  interacting systems 
D)  independent processes

Question 14

Which of the following memories are most permanent?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory 
B)  short-term memory 
C)  working memory 
D)  long-term memory

Question 15

People find it very easy to put on a button-down shirt, but much harder to list the steps involved in putting on that shirt. This suggests that ____________ memory is more useful in getting dressed than ____________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  declarative; procedural 
B)  procedural; declarative 
C)  episodic; semantic 
D)  semantic; episodic

Question 16

Roel heard a spoof of the news on The Daily Show. The next week he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened. Roel's false belief that the news story was true is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  absentmindedness 
B)  cryptomnesia 
C)  suggestibility 
D)  the sleeper effect

Question 17

In a classic science fiction novel, alien pods grow into exact duplicates of people. The people then die and the duplicates take their places. The family members of the replaced people are sure that these people are not their relatives, but no one believes them. The family members feel like people suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A)  Tasack's syndrome 
B)  Capgras syndrome 
C)  Tourette's syndrome 
D)  Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 18

Shamithia is participating in a short-term memory experiment. She has been given a list of words and is asked to recall them after several minutes. One of the words on the list is CAT. Shamithia is most likely to incorrectly recall this word as:

Accepted Answer

A)  RAT 
B)  CAN 
C)  KITTY 
D)  CUT

Question 19

A friend gives you her new address over the phone, and you realize that you do not have a pen to write it down. Approximately how much time do you have to find a pen before her address will vanish from your short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  several seconds 
B)  several minutes 
C)  less than .5 second 
D)  less than 1 second

Question 20

Miriam is a competitive gymnast. Every day she goes over all of her routines several times. Every time she goes through a routine, Miriam is:

Accepted Answer

A)  developing a more detailed schema of that routine 
B)  fitting it more completely into her hierarchical memory for gymnastics 
C)  strengthening existing synaptic connections 
D)  increasing the size of her frontal lobes

Exam 7: Attention and Memory

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called memory.