Question 1

Haruko finds her mother's keys and begins to play with them. She works patiently in an attempt to fit the keys into an opening in the VCR. She tries the keys one at a time; she tries to put the key ring into the slot; she tries to separate the keys into two groups. Finally, she succeeds in jamming the keys into the equipment. Haruko's age is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  8 months. 
B)  3 years 
C)  5 years. 
D)  15 months.

Question 2

University researcher Fei Xu identified that infants use three broad categories to differentiate and recognize distinct objects. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories identified by Fei Xu?

Accepted Answer

A)  spatiotemporal information (e.g., information about the location and motion of objects) 
B)  plasticity factors about how experience changes perception 
C)  object's property information (e.g., the perceptual qualities of an object, such as colour texture and size) 
D)  awareness of distinct kinds of objects (e.g., a duck versus a ball)

Question 3

According to Piaget's substages of sensorimotor development, which of the following behaviours would most accurately reflect the ability of a child who is under the age of 1 month?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marvin begins to suck his mother's breast when it is placed in his mouth. 
B)  When Mary, who has been breast-fed, receives a bottle, she is able to adjust her sucking to the rubber nipple. 
C)  Reem's toy rattle makes a sound when she hits it on her plate. Now she keeps hitting the plate to hear the sound again and again. 
D)  Hannah pushes the button on her musical nursery rhyme book, to hear "Mary Had a Little Lamb." She chooses this button over and over again, instead of choosing a different song.

Question 4

If Abraham tells his son, "No! Hot!" the child will move his hands away from the hot stove. However, the child cannot say, "Hot stove" himself. This demonstrates what principle of children's language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptive language develops before expressive language. 
B)  Children make rule-governed rather than random errors when learning language. 
C)  Children respond to parents' intonational babbling. 
D)  Holophrases are the precursor of the naming explosion.

Question 5

Werker's research demonstrates that one characteristic of infants that helps them to learn language is

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence. 
B)  concentration. 
C)  the ability to babble. 
D)  the ability to distinguish between human speech and other non-speech sounds.

Question 6

When a child points to her father's shoe and says "Daddy" she is using a holophrase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In language development theory, the term "telegraphic speech" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  short sentences with distinct features, including two- or three-word sentences. 
B)  a process that takes many years to develop due to its complex language processing. 
C)  lexical words and grammatical words. 
D)  This term does not exist in language theory.

Question 8

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children under the age of 2 should watch no television.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Elizabeth Spelke's research into infants' understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  infants in the 2- to 3-month age category have some limited understanding of objects and how they behave. 
B)  infants in the 2- to 3-month age category have some understanding of the nature of objects, but little understanding about how objects will behave. 
C)  infants in the 2- to 3-month age category lack both object permanence and object concept cognitive skills, and are unable to understand objects or object behaviour. 
D)  infants in the 2- to 3-month age category understand remarkably well what objects are and what to expect about how objects will behave.

Question 10

Research shows that there is no difference in the early language development of children raised in poverty compared to children raised by better-off parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the style of word learning characterized by an emphasis on things and people and their naming and description?

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive style 
B)  referential style 
C)  motherese 
D)  inflection

Question 12

Developmentalists know that, with respect to language development, children whose parents talk to them often, read to them regularly, and use a wider range of words in speech differ from children whose parent do not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An infant's understanding about the nature of objects and how they behave has been referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  object projection. 
B)  object expectation. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  object concept.

Question 14

Current research methods use _________ to study object permanence in infants.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain imaging 
B)  motor skill development 
C)  computer simulations 
D)  visual response tracking

Question 15

The understanding that an object continues to exist even when we do not see it or touch it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation. 
B)  dishabituation. 
C)  object permanence. 
D)  cross-modal transfer.

Question 16

When a baby's behaviour displays a purposeful, experimental quality or purposeful trial-and-error repetitions, such as dropping a toy repeatedly to see where it lands, the child is demonstrating _________ cognitive skills.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary circular reactions 
B)  coordination of secondary schemes 
C)  tertiary circular reactions 
D)  means end

Question 17

A simplified higher-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  modelling. 
B)  language acquisition acts. 
C)  infant-directed speech. 
D)  interactionist responses.

Question 18

Schematic learning theories imply that children at different ages actively use categories to process information. They describe both lower-level and higher-level categorical knowledge. At what age is a child able to utilize and understand both?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 months 
B)  12 months 
C)  18 months 
D)  24 months

Question 19

Piaget's most fundamental theoretical proposal was that a child constructed an understanding of the world based on ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature 
B)  genetics 
C)  experience 
D)  maturation

Question 20

Mavis Gunther hypothesized that classical conditioning was at work when she studied the effects on babies of inexperienced mothers' breast-feeding techniques.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

University researcher Fei Xu identified that infants use three broad categories to differentiate and recognize distinct objects. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories identified by Fei Xu?

According to Piaget's substages of sensorimotor development, which of the following behaviours would most accurately reflect the ability of a child who is under the age of 1 month?

If Abraham tells his son, "No! Hot!" the child will move his hands away from the hot stove. However, the child cannot say, "Hot stove" himself. This demonstrates what principle of children's language development?

Werker's research demonstrates that one characteristic of infants that helps them to learn language is

When a child points to her father's shoe and says "Daddy" she is using a holophrase.

In language development theory, the term "telegraphic speech" refers to

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children under the age of 2 should watch no television.

Elizabeth Spelke's research into infants' understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave indicates that

Research shows that there is no difference in the early language development of children raised in poverty compared to children raised by better-off parents.

What is the style of word learning characterized by an emphasis on things and people and their naming and description?

Developmentalists know that, with respect to language development, children whose parents talk to them often, read to them regularly, and use a wider range of words in speech differ from children whose parent do not.

An infant's understanding about the nature of objects and how they behave has been referred to as

Current research methods use _________ to study object permanence in infants.

The understanding that an object continues to exist even when we do not see it or touch it is called

When a baby's behaviour displays a purposeful, experimental quality or purposeful trial-and-error repetitions, such as dropping a toy repeatedly to see where it lands, the child is demonstrating _________ cognitive skills.

A simplified higher-pitched speech that adults use with infants and young children can best be described as

Schematic learning theories imply that children at different ages actively use categories to process information. They describe both lower-level and higher-level categorical knowledge. At what age is a child able to utilize and understand both?

Piaget's most fundamental theoretical proposal was that a child constructed an understanding of the world based on ______________________.

Mavis Gunther hypothesized that classical conditioning was at work when she studied the effects on babies of inexperienced mothers' breast-feeding techniques.