Question 1

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:

Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is an association (as indicated by Kendall's tau-b) between number of children and marital happiness." (〖tau-b〗_(CHILDREN*HAPMAR)≠.00)) 
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis?
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

Accepted Answer

a. "In the population, there is no association (as indicated by Kendall's tau-b) between number of children and marital happiness." (〖tau-b〗_(CHILDREN*HAPMAR)≠.00))
b. research hypothesis
c. .094
d. not reject null hypothesis
e. not significant

Question 2

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output: 
\[\begin{array}{l}
\begin{array} {|ll|l|l|l|l| } 
\hline &&\text {AGE AGE OF}&\text {EDUC HIGHEST YEAR of }&\text {INCOME TOTAL }&\text {TVHOURS HOURS PER }\
&&\text {RESPONDEN $ \mathrm{T} $ }&\text { SCHOOL COMPLETED }&\text {FAMILY INCOMD }&\text {DAY WATCHING TV }\
\hline \text { AGE AGE OF}&\text {Pesysan Carresiafion }&1.000&-.176*&-.034&.007\
\text {RESPONDENT }&\text {Sig. (1-bsiled)}&-&-.014&-340&.473\
&\text {N }&155&154&151&98\

\hline \text {EDUC HIGHEST YEAR OF }&\text {Pesysan Carresiafion }&-.176*&1.000&-.271**&-.143\
\text {SCHOOL COMPLETED }&\text { Sig. (1-bsiled)  }&.014&-&.000&.081\
&\text {N }&154&154&150&97\

\hline \text { INCOME TOTAL }&\text {Pesysan Carresiafion }&-.034&.271**&1.000&-.299**\
\text {FAMILY INCOME }&\text {Sig. (1-bsiled) }&.340&.000&-&.002\
&\text { N}&151&150&151&95\

\hline \text {TVHOURS HOURS PER }&\text {Pesysan Carresiafion }&.007&-.143&-.299*&1.000\
\text { DAY WATCHING TV}&\text {Sig. (1-bsiled) }&.473&.081&.002&-\
&\text { N}&98&97&95&98\\hline 
\end{array}
\end{array}\]
+. Carredafon is sigrifcart at êt 0.05 leved (1-tsiled).
$ * $. Correlation is sigrifiest st tne 0.01 lenved (1-tsiled).
Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is a positive correlation between age (AGE) and education (EDUC)." () 
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis?
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

Accepted Answer

a. "In the population, there is either no correlation or a negative correlation between age (AGE) and education (EDUC)." ()
b. null hypothesis
c. SKIP
d. not reject null hypothesis
e. not significant

Question 3

Your research hypothesis is that there is an association (as indicated by Cramer's V) between race and highest educational degree. Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the _____, the significance level is _____, and the null hypothesis is _____.
$$\begin{array}{l}
\text { Symmetric Measures }\
\begin{array} { | l l | r | r | } 
\hline & & \text { Value } & \text { Approx, Sig. } \
\hline \text { Nominal by Nominal } & \text { Phi } & .278 & .000 \
& \text { Cramer's V } & .196 & .000 \
 { \mathrm { N } \text { of Valid Cases } } & & 450 & \
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)   null hypothesis … .000 … not rejected
B)   null hypothesis … skipped … rejected
C)   research hypothesis … .000 … rejected
D)   research hypothesis … skipped … not rejected  C

Question 4

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:Correlations
$\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|}
\hline & & \text { ABORTOK } & {\text { AGE }} & \text { CHILDREN } \
\hline \text { ABORTOK } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & 1 & -.076 & -173^{*} \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & & .208 & .004 \
& \mathrm{~N} & 274 & 274 & 274 \
\hline \text { AGE } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & -.076 & 1 & .075 \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & 208 & & .114 \
& \mathrm{~N} & 274 & 450 & 448 \
\hline \text { CHILDREN } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & -173^{*} & .075 & 1 \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .004 & .114 & \
\text { N } & 274 & 448 & 448 \
\hline
\end{array}$
**. Correlation is significant at the $0.01$ level (2-tailed). 
Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is a correlation between age (AGE) and willingness to allow legal abortion (ABORTOK)." () 
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis?
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the questions that follow this SPSS...

Question 5

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant difference in the average amount given to charity by Americans, Germans, Japanese, and Swedes?"

Accepted Answer

A)   Bivariate Correlation
B)   Chi-square
C)   Linear Regression
D)   One-way ANOVA

Question 6

Your research hypothesis is that there is an association (as indicated by Cramer's V) between race and highest educational degree. Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the _____, the significance level is _____, and the null hypothesis is _____.
$$\begin{array}{l}
\text { Symmetric Measures }\
\begin{array} { | l l | r | r | } 
\hline & & \text { Value } & \text { Approx. Sig. } \
\hline \text { Nominal by Nominal } & \text { Phi } & .217 & .382 \
& \text { Cramer's V } & .154 & .382 \
\text { N of Valid Cases } & & 135 & \
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)   null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected
B)   research hypothesis … skipped … rejected
C)   research hypothesis … .154 … not rejected
D)   research hypothesis … .382 … not rejected

Question 7

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant relationship between nationality and religious affiliation?"

Accepted Answer

A)   Bivariate Correlation
B)   Chi-square
C)   Linear Regression
D)   One-way ANOVA

Question 8

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output: 
Symmetric Measures
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|}
\hline & \text { Value } & {\begin{array}{c}
\text { Asymp. Std. } \
\text { Errorᵃ }
\end{array}} & \text { Approx. Tᵇ } & \text { Approx. Sig. } \
\hline \text { Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b } & .123 & .061 & 1.991 & .046 \
\text { N of Valid Cases } & 239 & & & \
\hline
\end{array}$
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is a positive association (as indicated by Kendall's tau-b) between highest educational degree and marital happiness." () 
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis?
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the questions that follow this SPSS...

Question 9

Your research hypothesis is that there is a negative association (as indicated by Kendall's tau-b) between social class and happiness with life. Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the _____, the significance level is _____, and the null hypothesis is _____.
Symmetric Measures
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|}
\hline & \text { Value } & {\begin{array}{c}
\text { Asymp. Std. } \
\text { Error? }
\end{array}} & \text { Approx. T? } & \text { Approx, Sig. } \
\hline \text { Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b } & .199 & .088 & 2.210 & .027 \
\text { N of Valid Cases } & 122 & & & \
\hline
\end{array}$
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)   null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected
B)   null hypothesis … .0135 … rejected
C)   research hypothesis … .0135 … rejected
D)   research hypothesis … .027 … not rejected

Question 10

Which variable has a significant net effect on willingness to allow legal abortion (ABORTOK)?
Coefficients"
$\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|r|}
\hline &&\text { Unstandardized Coefficients}&&\text {Standardized Coeficients}\
 \text { Model } &&{\text { B }} & \text { Std. Error } & {\text { Beta }} & {\mathrm{t}} & {\text { Sig. }} \
\hline 1 & \text { (Constant) } & 2.327 & 1.648 & & 1.412 & .160 \
& \text { AGE } & .034 & .058 & .042 & .584 & 560 \
& \text { EDUC } & .100 & .064 & .117 & 1.560 & .120 \
& \text { RELINTEN } & -.729 & .202 & -.257 & -3.606 & .000 \
& \text { SIBLINGS } & -.036 & .078 & -.034 & -.461 & .646 \
\hline
\end{array}$
a. Dependent Variable: ABORTOK

Accepted Answer

A)   AGE
B)   EDUC
C)   RELINTEN
D)   SIBLINGS

Question 11

Before checking the significance levels of the net effects of the independent variables in a multiple regression, the significance of what should be checked?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Before checking the significance levels of the...

Question 12

Which of the following conclusions is supported by these regression results?
$\begin{array}{|l|l|r|r|r|r|r|}
\hline & \text { Unstandardized Coefficients }&&\text { Standardized  Coefficients} \
\hline  \text { Model } & {\text { B }} & \text { Std. Error } & {\text { Beta }} &{t} & \text { Sig. } \
\hline 1 & 1.873 & 2.512 & & .746 & .456 \
& \text { (Constant) } & -.018 & .045 & -.021 & -388 & .698 \
\text { AGE } & .030 & .088 & .018 & 337 & .737 \
\text { CHILDREN } & .396 & .051 & .420 & 7.688 & .000 \
\text { EDUC } & -294 & .112 & -139 & -2.623 & .009 \
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A)   AGE has a significant positive net effect on SCIFACTS.
B)   CHILDREN has a significant positive net effect on SCIFACTS.
C)   EDUC has a significant positive net effect on SCIFACTS.
D)   RELINTEN has a significant positive net effect on SCIFACTS.

Question 13

Hypothesis tests for which measures of association must be identified as one-tailed or two-tailed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypothesis tests for which measures of association...

Question 14

In SPSS output the significance levels for regression coefficients are not marked as one- or two-tailed. That means they are

Accepted Answer

A)   one-tailed significance levels
B)   two-tailed significance levels
C)   universal significance levels (the same value for one- and two-tailed tests)

Question 15

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output: 
$$\begin{array}{l}
\text { Symmetric Measures }\
\begin{array} { | l l | r | r | } 
\hline & \text { Value } & \text { Approx. Sig. } \
\hline \text { Nominal by Nominal } & \text { Phi } & .170 & .333 \
& \text { Cramer's V } & .120 & .333 \
\text { N of Valid Cases } & & 239 & \
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}$$
Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is an association (as indicated by Cramer's V) between type of family in which raised and marital happiness." () 
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis?
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the questions that follow this SPSS...

Question 16

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant positive correlation between strength of attachment to a religion and amount given to charity?"

Accepted Answer

A)   Bivariate Correlation
B)   Chi-square
C)   One-Sample T Test
D)   One-way ANOVA

Question 17

Are weak associations between variables always nonsignificant? Are strong associations always significant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are weak associations between variables always nonsignificant?...

Question 18

Your research hypothesis is that there is an association (as indicated by Kendall's tau-b) between social class and political orientation. Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the _____, the significance level is _____, and the null hypothesis is _____.
Symmetric Measures
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|}
\hline & \text { Value } & {\begin{array}{c}
\text { Asymp. Std. } \
\text { Error? }
\end{array}} & \text { Approx. T? } & \text { Approx, Sig. } \
\hline \text { Ordinal by Ordinal Kendall's tau-b } & -.031 & .082 & -.385 & .700 \
\text { N of Valid Cases } & 119 & & & \
\hline
\end{array}$
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)   null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected
B)   null hypothesis … .350 … not rejected
C)   research hypothesis … .skipped … not rejected
D)   research hypothesis … .700 … not rejected

Question 19

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant negative correlation between a nation's level of economic development and its population growth rate?"

Accepted Answer

A)   Bivariate Correlation
B)   Independent-Sample T Test
C)   One-Sample T Test
D)   One-way ANOVA

Question 20

Based on this correlation matrix, which of the following is true?
Correlations$\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|}
\hline & \text { AGE } & \text { EDUC } & \text { HOURS } & \text { TVHOURS } \
\hline \text { AGE } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & 1 & .112^{\circ} &{.226^{\circ}} & -.079 \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & & .038 & .001 & .220 \
& \mathrm{~N} & 341 & 341 & 211 & 240 \
\hline \text { EDUC } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & .112^{\circ} & 1 & .037 & -.240^{\prime \prime} \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .038 & & .593 & .000 \
& \mathrm{~N} & 341 & 341 & 211 & 240 \
\hline \text { HOURS } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & .226^{\circ} & .037 & 1 & -.049 \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .001 & .593 & & .560 \
& \mathrm{~N} & 211 & 211 & 211 & 146 \
\hline \text { TVHOURS } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & .079 & -.240^{\prime \prime} & -.049 & 1 \
& \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .220 & .000 & .560 & \
& \mathrm{~N} & 240 & 240 & 146 & 240 \
\hline
\end{array}$
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Accepted Answer

A)   There is a significant negative correlation between AGE and EDUC.
B)   There is a significant negative correlation between AGE and TVHOURS.
C)   There is a significant negative correlation between EDUC and TVHOURS.
D)   There is a significant negative correlation between HOURS and TVHOURS.

Exam 16: Hypothesis Testing With Measures of Association and Regression

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant difference in the average amount given to charity by Americans, Germans, Japanese, and Swedes?"

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant relationship between nationality and religious affiliation?"

Before checking the significance levels of the net effects of the independent variables in a multiple regression, the significance of what should be checked?

Hypothesis tests for which measures of association must be identified as one-tailed or two-tailed?

In SPSS output the significance levels for regression coefficients are not marked as one- or two-tailed. That means they are

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant positive correlation between strength of attachment to a religion and amount given to charity?"

Are weak associations between variables always nonsignificant? Are strong associations always significant?

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant negative correlation between a nation's level of economic development and its population growth rate?"