Question 1

When must a researcher be sure to debrief participants in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   debriefing cannot be done until the study is complete and has been published
B)   debriefing must be done in experiments where one group of participants is asked to do something for a reason other than that which they are told
C)   debriefing must occur when the null hypothesis is not upheld
D)   debriefing must occur any time one does a case study B

Question 2

What does the ethical principle of "sharing benefits" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)   all participants in the same study should receive an equal share of the benefits or subject payments
B)   all those who belong to the population being studied will share equally from the benefits the study produces
C)   the results of studies must be shared with the public so society may benefit from the increased knowledge
D)   all groups involved in a study should eventually be given an opportunity to receive any treatments that were found to be effective in the study D

Question 3

Distinguish between anonymity and confidentiality. Which is required for research to be considered ethical?

Accepted Answer

Anonymity and confidentiality are both important concepts in research ethics, but they have different meanings and implications.

Anonymity refers to the protection of the identity of research participants. When a study is anonymous, the researchers are unable to link any data or responses back to specific individuals. This means that even the researchers themselves do not know the identities of the participants. Anonymity is often achieved by using unique identifiers or codes for participants instead of using their names or other identifying information.

Confidentiality, on the other hand, refers to the protection of the data or information provided by research participants. This means that while the researchers may know the identities of the participants, they are committed to keeping any personal or sensitive information provided by the participants confidential and not disclosing it to anyone outside of the research team.

In research ethics, both anonymity and confidentiality are important for ensuring the protection of participants and their data. However, anonymity is often considered to be more ethically stringent because it provides a higher level of protection for participants. When research is anonymous, there is no way for anyone to connect the data back to specific individuals, providing a greater level of privacy and protection.

Therefore, for research to be considered ethical, it is generally required to provide anonymity to participants whenever possible. This means that researchers should strive to design their studies in a way that allows for anonymous participation and data collection. If anonymity is not possible, then confidentiality measures should be put in place to protect the privacy and sensitive information of the participants. Ultimately, both anonymity and confidentiality are essential for ethical research practices.

Question 4

Which is NOT a component of informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)   the purpose of the research
B)   who you are
C)   how the participant can get a copy of the records
D)   a computer simulation of the data

Question 5

Forcing someone to participate in a study is an example of what ethical issue/concern?

Accepted Answer

A)   protection from harm
B)   maintenance of privacy
C)   informed consent
D)   coercion

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic principle of ethical behavior in research?

Accepted Answer

A)   protection from harm
B)   refraining from coercion
C)   informed consent
D)   a well-stated hypothesis

Question 7

List 10 informational elements that should be present in an informed consent letter. Must the letter be signed by the participant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of List 10 informational elements that should be...

Question 8

You can quote and analyze online information without asking for permission as long as the information is officially and publicly archived, not password protected and nothing on the site prohibits the use of this information.

Accepted Answer

A)   True
B)   False

Question 9

I will give an F in class to anyone who refuses to participate in my study. Students will take a five-point survey on what they ate today. Identify the problem and modify the experiment so that it is ethical.

Accepted Answer

The answer of I will give an F in class...

Question 10

Discuss the primary shortcomings of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and what ethical guidelines are in place now to prevent such ethical lapses in the future. Is it enough?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the primary shortcomings of the Tuskegee...

Question 11

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is often used as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   a groundbreaking study using Facebook
B)   a study that did not take into account ethical considerations
C)   a study guided by the ethical guidelines of the American Medical Association AM
A)  
D)   a study that breached confidentiality of participants

Question 12

What is the role of professional organizations in promoting ethical standards in human research studies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the role of professional organizations...

Question 13

Which of the following information should be provided in an informed consent form for any study involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

A)   the findings of the study
B)   the number of participants the study plans to use
C)   the procedures involved in the study
D)   the names of other participants

Question 14

What is the best definition of an institutional review board?

Accepted Answer

A)   a group of people who make decisions regarding an institution's human resources
B)   a group of people found in most public institutions and private agencies who render a judgment as to whether experiments carried out in their facilities are free from risk
C)   a group of people who review the literature produced by researchers in their institution in order to keep an accounting of it
D)   a group of people representing many different institutions who meet to review the current literature in their respective fields

Question 15

Discuss two of the general issues in ethical research behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss two of the general issues in...

Question 16

Summarize the potential consequences for researchers who do not follow ethical guidelines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the potential consequences for researchers who...

Question 17

Because the usefulness of the information is so great, it is considered ethical to secretly record conversations between therapists and their clients.

Accepted Answer