Question 1

Researchers studying spatial mental models have asked participants to develop mental representations of settings based on textual material.The participants are then asked to use these mental models to answer questions about objects in the setting.What were the findings?

Accepted Answer

A) performance is affected by the order in which the objects are presented. 
B) where the objects are located in the participants' mental models affects their speed of access to the information. 
C) participants are faster to locate objects that are visualized as primary colours. 
D) few participants are able to respond correctly,suggesting that only some participants form mental models.

Question 2

Which scenario would most likely be attributed to the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A) People overestimate the wealth of a person after hearing a ridiculously high estimate. 
B) People are more likely to overestimate the age of males who have beards. 
C) Whales are falsely thought to be fish because they look like fish. 
D) Students who live on college campuses underestimate the average age of the general population.

Question 3

A test of reasoning ability includes a number of problems in which two or more statements or premises are presented and it is the task of the test-taker to draw a conclusion.This type of problem is an example of inductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Dr.May is studying mental processes.What would Dr.May most likely assume?

Accepted Answer

A) serial processing is superior to parallel processing. 
B) the absolute time that mental processing takes is independent of the details of different tasks. 
C) requiring additional mental tasks effectively reduces total reaction time. 
D) individuals have limited resources that must be spread over different mental tasks.

Question 5

Heuristics are cognitive strategies that always provide the right answer for a particular problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A participant in a study of problem solving is asked to verbalize his ongoing thoughts while working on a task.The researcher is using a procedure referred to as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A participant in a study of problem...

Question 7

Participants in a research study judged that the letter k is found more often at the beginning of words than in the third position,based on information that was readily available in memory.This error is judgment is an example of the representativeness heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Research has suggested that meaning representation begins with basic units called __________,which are the main ideas of utterances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has suggested that meaning representation begins...

Question 9

In problem solving,the initial state and goal state make up the problem space.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What does our capacity to use context to resolve ambiguities demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) there is often a mismatch between language production and language understanding. 
B) there is a good match between language production and language understanding. 
C) language production and language understanding are unrelated functions. 
D) language production suffers as a result of language understanding.

Question 11

After the opera,Serge asks Ben what he thought about the performance.According to Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman,what will Ben most likely do?

Accepted Answer

A) develop a mental chart listing the pros and cons of the performance. 
B) rely on heuristics to derive an opinion about the performance. 
C) ask Serge what he thinks before he makes a judgment. 
D) use a deductive reasoning procedure.

Question 12

Two long-time friends belong to the same community and share many similar life experiences.If both are asked to guess what the other is likely to know,what would be the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) They will err in the direction of believing that they share little common knowledge. 
B) They will be fairly accurate in their guesses. 
C) They will express the opinion that they have little idea of what the other knows. 
D) They will be no more accurate than two strangers from the same community.

Question 13

After using the same mathematical formula to solve the first nine problems of her homework assignment,a student automatically starts problem number ten using the same solution strategy.Which term best reflects this approach?

Accepted Answer

A) a mental set. 
B) syllogistic thinking. 
C) a pragmatic reasoning schema. 
D) belief bias.

Question 14

Why do frames play such a large role in decision making?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do frames play such a large...

Exam 9: A: Cognitive Processes

Researchers studying spatial mental models have asked participants to develop mental representations of settings based on textual material.The participants are then asked to use these mental models to answer questions about objects in the setting.What were the findings?

Which scenario would most likely be attributed to the availability heuristic?

A test of reasoning ability includes a number of problems in which two or more statements or premises are presented and it is the task of the test-taker to draw a conclusion.This type of problem is an example of inductive reasoning.

Dr.May is studying mental processes.What would Dr.May most likely assume?

Heuristics are cognitive strategies that always provide the right answer for a particular problem.

A participant in a study of problem solving is asked to verbalize his ongoing thoughts while working on a task.The researcher is using a procedure referred to as a(n)__________.

Participants in a research study judged that the letter k is found more often at the beginning of words than in the third position,based on information that was readily available in memory.This error is judgment is an example of the representativeness heuristic.

Research has suggested that meaning representation begins with basic units called __________,which are the main ideas of utterances.

In problem solving,the initial state and goal state make up the problem space.

What does our capacity to use context to resolve ambiguities demonstrate?

After the opera,Serge asks Ben what he thought about the performance.According to Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman,what will Ben most likely do?

Two long-time friends belong to the same community and share many similar life experiences.If both are asked to guess what the other is likely to know,what would be the likely outcome?

After using the same mathematical formula to solve the first nine problems of her homework assignment,a student automatically starts problem number ten using the same solution strategy.Which term best reflects this approach?

Why do frames play such a large role in decision making?