Question 1

Imagine that a directory assistance operator has just given Katie a telephone number.Surprisingly,as Katie hangs up to dial the number the telephone rings and it is a telemarketer.Although it takes Katie only 18 seconds to get him off the line,she has been prevented from rehearsing the number during that time.Based on a study that is described in the textbook,what will likely happen if Katie attempts to dial the number now?

Accepted Answer

A) She will forget all or almost all of the number. 
B) She will remember only the last half of the number. 
C) She will remember only the digits in the middle part of the number. 
D) She will recall the majority of the numbers.

Question 2

What are the two types of declarative memory first proposed by Endel Tulving?

Accepted Answer

A) implicit and explicit 
B) procedural and automatic 
C) implicit and episodic 
D) episodic and semantic

Question 3

The textbook describes a famous research participant,S.F.,who was able to memorize eighty-four digits,though his memory for letters was about average.What lesson can be learned from this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals like S.F.are unique,and the strategies used by S.F.are not applicable to the majority. 
B) Anyone can structure and recall information as S.F.did,but the structure must be similar to the one used by S.F. 
C) Information can only be structured if it is linked to rules,meaning,or codes in long-term memory. 
D) Anyone can structure and recall information according to its personal meaning.

Question 4

What term characterizes the average or most typical member of a conceptual category?

Accepted Answer

A) schema. 
B) prototype. 
C) exemplar. 
D) engram.

Question 5

A child thinks of a restaurant as a place where you go when you are hungry,where you order your food at a counter,and where mommy pays for it before you get it.Which term best characterizes this child's mental representation of a restaurant?

Accepted Answer

A) schema. 
B) engram. 
C) prototype. 
D) memory hierarchy.

Question 6

The famous memory researcher Hermann Ebbinghaus was his own and only subject; he performed the research tasks himself and measured his own performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Who first proposed the distinction between episodic and semantic types of declarative memories?

Accepted Answer

A) Alan Baddeley 
B) George Miller 
C) Endel Tulving 
D) 
B) F.Skinner

Question 8

Given what is known about the serial position effect and distinctiveness,what approach should be taken in preparing for a test on a textbook chapter?

Accepted Answer

A) spend more time studying the beginning of the chapter,and attempt to make it distinctive from other parts of the chapter. 
B) spend more time studying the middle of the chapter,and try to make it distinctive from other parts of the chapter. 
C) spend more time studying the end of the chapter,and try to make it distinctive from other parts of the chapter. 
D) spend equal amounts of time on each part of the chapter,and try to minimize the distinctiveness of each from the other parts of the chapter.

Question 9

John and Jan have witnessed an accident.Afterwards,while discussing what was seen,John introduces some inaccurate information into his description of the events.If John and Jan are like many of the participants in research on eyewitness memory,what will likely happen if they are questionned at some future date?

Accepted Answer

A) Both John and Jan will have little memory of the accident. 
B) Jan's memory is likely to be accurate and John's memory will be inaccurate. 
C) John's memory is likely to be more accurate than Jan's memory. 
D) Jan's memory is likely to be affected by John's inaccurate observations.

Question 10

Which brain structure is most closely associated with procedural memory,memories acquired by repetition,and classically conditioned responses?

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala 
B) hippocampus 
C) cerebellum 
D) striatum

Question 11

You are certain that your history teacher is going to ask you for the date of the Battle of Hastings,so you keep repeating "1066" in your head as you walk into the classroom.This rote repetition is an example of elaborative rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is one way to counter the next-in-line effect?

Accepted Answer

A) breathe deeply and control the level of anxiety in order to better remember information. 
B) tell oneself to be aware of the effect. 
C) use elaborative rehearsal as a defense against the effect. 
D) ask to be placed last in line.

Question 13

A student has an upcoming test.Based on the principle of encoding specificity,what approach to studying the classroom material should the student take?

Accepted Answer

A) Study with a group of peers. 
B) Study as he typically does,listening to music while lying in bed. 
C) Study under conditions that will be similar to those under which he will be tested. 
D) Study by repeating the material in the same order during each study session.

Question 14

The most representative or average member of a category is called a(n) .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most representative or average member of...

Question 15

While at the zoo,you linger in front of the elephant house.Dumbo,an elephant,is reputed to have a pretty good memory.Presumably,this means that Dumbo can retrieve information from long-term memory.In the context of "having a good memory," describe the role that retrieval cues play in memory,and explain the importance of the match between encoding and retrieval.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While at the zoo,you linger in front...

Question 16

As part of a classroom demonstration,the teacher is reading a list of digits to test memory span.How many numbers will most students recall?

Accepted Answer

A) one to two 
B) three to five 
C) five to nine 
D) ten to twenty

Question 17

Concepts may be combined into larger units or "knowledge packages" that encode complex generalizations about experiences.Which term refers to these conceptual frameworks?

Accepted Answer

A) engrams. 
B) basic level concepts. 
C) schemas. 
D) prototypes.

Question 18

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues on eyewitness memory,participants were shown a film of a car accident.When tested a week later,what factor was found to influence the participant's memory of whether or not they had seen broken glass after the accident?

Accepted Answer

A) if they had seen pictures of the accident. 
B) If they were asked which car had a broken window. 
C) the words used to describe the impact of the two cars. 
D) the reports given by other eyewitnesses.

Question 19

To determine if iconic memory has a large capacity,what did researcher George Sperling need to do?

Accepted Answer

A) compare the performance of participants in the partial-report procedure with those in the whole-report procedure. 
B) determine how participants performed in the whole-report procedure. 
C) compare the performance of participants in the whole-report procedure with previous studies of memory. 
D) compare the performance of participants on iconic memory tasks with the performance of participants on eidetic imagery tasks.

Question 20

A father sends his son to the corner store to pick up some groceries.Instead of remembering each individual item,the son groups the items according to food group.Which memory strategy is the son using?

Accepted Answer

A) peg word 
B) method of loci 
C) chunking 
D) enrichment

Exam 8: A: Memory