Question 1

A stereoscope provides the illusion of depth in 2-D images by

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly alternating between two images. 
B)  presenting an image to each eye at different distances from the retina. 
C)  presenting an image to each eye that are from slightly different perspectives. 
D)  presenting an image to each eye that have different polarization filters in place.

Question 2

(a) State and identify the components of the size-distance scaling equation.
(b) Select two of the following, and specify how the size-distance scaling equation can explain the phenomenon: Emmert's Law; the Ames Room illusion; the Ponzo illusion; and the Muller-Lyer illusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of (a) State and identify the components of...

Question 3

Several years ago, Bryce, a fan of the Houston Rockets basketball team, saw the player Yao Ming (who is 7'6" tall) standing next to his coach Jeff VanGundy (who is less than 6 feet tall). Bryce correctly perceived the two men as being the same distance away from her. Which depth cue most influenced her perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relative height 
B)  Relative size 
C)  Familiar size 
D)  Accretion

Question 4

What depth cue could be classified as a binocular cue and an oculomotor cue?

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  accretion 
C)  stereopsis 
D)  convergence

Question 5

The anecdote in the book of the pilot misjudging the size of an object on the ground in whiteout conditions is most closely related to which research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Holway and Boring's (1941) "hallway" study 
B)  Blake and Hirsch's (1975) "selective rearing of kittens" study 
C)  Julesz's (1971) "random-dot stereogram" study 
D)  DeLucia and Hochberg's (1985) "dumbbell Muller-Lyer" study

Question 6

Merrill watches his finger with both eyes as he brings it closer to his nose. As the finger gets closer, his eyes move inward and he feels his eye muscles working. Which depth cue is associated with the feeling he is getting from his eye muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  convergence 
C)  both accommodation and convergence 
D)  atmospheric perspective

Question 7

_______ is a term used to describe conditions in which movements between the two eyes are not coordinated.

Accepted Answer

A)  Strabismus 
B)  Macular degeneration 
C)  Ciliary disjunctive disorder 
D)  Oculomotor instability

Question 8

Name, define, and give an example (in words and/or drawings) of six pictorial depth cues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name, define, and give an example (in...

Question 9

Suppose you watch a "3-D" movie (using red/blue "3-D glasses") with your friends. After the movie, a friend asks "Why do we see such depth in this movie?" Summarize how you would answer this question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you watch a "3-D" movie (using...

Question 10

Vinod is standing on a rooftop in a city. The buildings closer to him look sharper, and the buildings in the distance look hazier. This is an example of the depth cue

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric perspective. 
B)  occlusion. 
C)  relative size. 
D)  shadowing.

Question 11

In their study on infant use of familiar size as depth cue, Granrud et al. used ________ as the stimuli, and ________ as the dependent measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  objects of different sizes; reaching 
B)  photographs of fruit bowls; sucking rate 
C)  mobiles; eye movements 
D)  photographs of stuffed animals; eye movements

Question 12

Describe the differences in how depth is perceived in cats, insects, and bats.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences in how depth is...

Question 13

(a) How are random-dot stereograms created?
(b) What is the importance of random-dot stereograms?
(c) How is the correspondence problem related to the concept of random-dot stereograms?
(d) What have the results of infant studies with random-dot stereograms revealed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of (a) How are random-dot stereograms created?
(b) What...

Question 14

According to the ________ theory of the moon illusion, the overhead moon appears smaller when it is surrounded by a large amount of sky.

Accepted Answer

A)  ocular dominance 
B)  stimulus deprivation 
C)  angular size-contrast 
D)  apparent-distance

Question 15

Bats are able to determine depth by using

Accepted Answer

A)  echolocation. 
B)  stereopsis. 
C)  movement parallax. 
D)  collocation.

Question 16

Myranda looks at a photograph of a truck. Which of the following best describes how she will perceive this photograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  She will always perceive a photograph of a real truck as being a real truck. 
B)  She will always perceive a photograph of a toy truck as being a toy truck. 
C)  She will perceive the toy truck as a toy truck if depth cues are eliminated. 
D)  Her perception of the size of the truck will depend on the known size of the objects located next to the truck.

Question 17

Individuals suffering from "walleye" and other conditions in which the eyes are misaligned have difficulty with depth perception because

Accepted Answer

A)  the cortex receives messages from both eyes, making it difficult to attend to one visual stimulus. 
B)  the visual system suppresses vision in one eye in order to avoid having the experience of double vision. 
C)  the misaligned eye movements are "jittery" making it difficult to form a stable percept. 
D)  they are unable to use any picture depth cues.

Question 18

Fox et al. (1980) found that the ability to use binocular disparity develops between

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 months. 
B)  2 to 3 months. 
C)  3 ½ to 6 months. 
D)  10 to 11 months.

Question 19

When Uka and DeAngelis microstimulated disparity-selective neurons in a monkey, the monkey made a behavioral depth response based on the

Accepted Answer

A)  angle of disparity on the retina. 
B)  tuning curve of the stimulated neurons. 
C)  orientation of the stimulus. 
D)  location of the horopter.

Question 20

The size-distance scaling equation explains Emmert's Law because

Accepted Answer

A)  retinal size is constant as perceived distance changes. 
B)  retinal size changes as perceived distance remains constant. 
C)  perceived size remains constant as retinal size changes. 
D)  perceived size changes as the color of the afterimage changes.

Exam 10: Perceiving Depth and Size