Question 1

For immigrants who remain in the United States, evidence shows that they are a burden on the economy for two decades mainly because of educational costs. After that

Accepted Answer

A)   they must return to their countries of origin.
B)   they are automatically citizens.
C)   they must repay that money or be deported.
D)   the society benefits monetarily. D

Question 2

The term capital flight is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the movement of corporate money from one investment to another through investment in plants located in other nations, plant relocation within the United States, and mergers.
B)   when a company moves its production to another country, producing the same products in the same way, but with cheaper labor, lower taxes, and lower benefits to workers.
C)   taking some specific task that a company was doing in-house-such as research, call centers, accounting, or transcribing-and transferring it to an overseas company to save money and then reintegrating that work back into the overall operation.
D)   independent contractors working from their homes, paying for their own health care and retirement plan, and furnishing their own equipment. A

Question 3

Personal income is usually reduced by one-third to one-half after retirement. Research shows that in old age, the poor get _____ and the affluent _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   not much poorer; increase their economic advantage
B)   somewhat poorer; get much poorer
C)   poorer; maintain their economic advantage
D)   richer; lose their economic advantage C

Question 4

Up until the 20th century, the United States was a youthful nation. What has changed that situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The nation is now more than 200 years old.
B)   A falling birthrate combined with greater longevity.
C)   Immigration is mostly among people age 50 or older.
D)   The birthrate is rising thanks to modern technology.

Question 5

Henry is a healthy baby boy who was just born today. Based on current projections, his chance of living to be 100 is

Accepted Answer

A)   highly unlikely.
B)   about one in 200.
C)   practically guaranteed.
D)   about fifty-fifty.

Question 6

There are several categories of elderly people, due in part to the fact that old people in our society are living longer. People age 85 and older fall into the category of the

Accepted Answer

A)   young-old.
B)   middle-old.
C)   old-old.
D)   older than old.

Question 7

On average, life expectancy for an African American is about _____ years than for a White person the same age.

Accepted Answer

A)   four fewer
B)   four more
C)   40 fewer
D)   40 more

Question 8

Immigrants are more likely than the rest of the population to _____, which in turn creates jobs and adds strength to local economies.

Accepted Answer

A)   be self-employed and to start their own businesses
B)   be college graduates
C)   enter the country with significant savings
D)   hold white-collar jobs, especially in finance and banking

Question 9

Which American company laid off 30,000 American workers following September 11, 2001, and then announced it would be shifting most of its advanced design and engineering tasks to Russia and China, where these kinds of professionals are paid significantly less?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sunset Industries
B)   Apple
C)   Chrysler
D)   Boeing

Question 10

Social Security is a(n) _____ tax, meaning it takes a larger percentage from people with the lowest incomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   regressive
B)   progressive
C)   agressive
D)   adjustable

Question 11

Marilyn and Carolyn are both retirees from Detroit, Michigan. Marilyn has decided that she is fed up with winter and is moving to Phoenix, Arizona. Carolyn is going to stay in Detroit. Based on the chapter, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Marilyn is older than Carolyn.
B)   Marilyn is more affluent than Carolyn.
C)   Marilyn requires more public assistantce than Carolyn.
D)   Marilyn is less affluent than Carolyn.

Question 12

Donald is against immigration, especially illegal immigration from Mexico. He complains loudly that immigrants expect social services but do not pay the taxes that support them. His brother, Bernie, points out that

Accepted Answer

A)   in the short run, immigrants consume less in public services and benefits than they pay in taxes.
B)   undocumented immigrants pay a variety of taxes, such as income, Social Security, Medicare, and sales taxes.
C)   undocumented immigrants annually receive about $1.5 billion from Medicare and $7 billion from Social Security.
D)   the state and local taxes paid by immigrants are relatively high, especially because their children are not allowed to attend public schools.

Question 13

A study by the Academy of Sciences found that by the time a typical immigrant with a family dies, that immigrant and his or her children will have paid _____ government benefits.

Accepted Answer

A)   no taxes, despite receiving
B)   no more in taxes than they received in
C)   $80,000 more in taxes than they received in
D)   $80,000 less in taxes than they received in

Question 14

Women's greater longevity, the social norm for men to marry younger women, and the traditional Social Security bias against women combine to create two problems for elderly women: _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   remarriage; excess income
B)   boredom; health problems
C)   isolation; poverty
D)   job security; injuries

Question 15

Whereas in the past, Americans mostly worked at producing goods, today most jobs are in the service sector. Which of the following is NOT a service sector job?

Accepted Answer

A)   Banking
B)   Metal fabrication
C)   Custodial work
D)   Retail sales

Question 16

Which term is defined as the processes by which everyone on Earth becomes increasingly interconnected economically, politically, culturally, and environmentally?

Accepted Answer

A)   Internationalism
B)   Technology
C)   One World Government
D)   Globalization

Question 17

By 2023 a majority of children (under 18 years of age) in the United States will be from a minority background. By what year will non-White ethnic groups surpass working-age Whites in number?

Accepted Answer

A)   2057
B)   2039
C)   2020
D)   2016

Question 18

About three-fourths of _____ (employees who work part time, in temporary jobs, or as independent contractors) are women.

Accepted Answer

A)   homeschoolers
B)   contingent workers
C)   outsourcers
D)   offshore workers

Question 19

Currently, the largest racial-ethnic group among the elderly in the United States is

Accepted Answer

A)   Asian Americans.
B)   Latinos.
C)   African Americans.
D)   Whites.

Question 20

Which term is used to describe what a company is doing when it moves its production to another country, producing the same products in the same way but with cheaper labor, lower taxes, and lower benefits to workers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Outsourcing
B)   Offshoring
C)   Capital flight
D)   Contingent employment

Exam 16: Structural Sources of Social Change: Economic and Demographic