Question 1

Compare and contrast the general functions of the three glial cell types in the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the general functions of...

Question 2

After a vesicle fuses with the presynaptic membrane and releases its contents into the synaptic cleft, the membrane is

Accepted Answer

A)  destroyed by astrocytes. 
B)  incorporated into the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  recycled to form new vesicles. 
D)  degraded and the debris removed from the axon terminal. 
E)  incorporated into the mitochondria.

Question 3

Communication of neural signals across the synapse involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the opening of transmitter-gated channels in the axon terminal. 
B)  voltage changes that open chloride channels in the presynaptic membrane. 
C)  vesicles that take up transmitter molecules into the axon terminal. 
D)  the binding of transmitter at postsynaptic receptors triggering membrane potentials. 
E)  direct electrical contact of the pre- and post-synaptic membranes.

Question 4

____________ are supporting cells that can provide myelination to multiple axons at once.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann 
B)  Astrocytes 
C)  Microglia 
D)  Oligodendrocytes 
E)  Microtubules

Question 5

Sally's stomach begins to rumble, reminding her that she skipped breakfast this morning. This hunger signal is sent to the brain, which is part of the __________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral 
B)  central 
C)  enteric 
D)  human 
E)  local circuit

Question 6

Susie takes a huge drink of her coffee, assuming that it is tolerable, and the heat sears her mouth. Although the pain is so great that her reflex is to spit out the coffee, she does not do so. The reflex to spit out the coffee is inhibited at the

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neuron. 
B)  interneuron. 
C)  motor neuron. 
D)  glial cell. 
E)  astrocyte.

Question 7

Some chemicals are excluded from the brain due to selective permeability of the ________ barrier.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some chemicals are excluded from the brain...

Question 8

When an impulse enters a neuron, it is received by the _________ and passed to the next cell via the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrite; axon 
B)  axon; dendrite 
C)  soma; axon 
D)  soma; dendrite 
E)  axon; soma

Question 9

The _______ mediates the inflammatory reaction that follows brain damage.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  phagocyte 
C)  dendrocyte 
D)  astrocyte 
E)  microglia

Question 10

Explain what is meant by decremental conduction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by decremental conduction....

Question 11

Contrast ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast ionotropic and metabotropic receptors....

Question 12

The normal order of activation during neuronal transmission is

Accepted Answer

A)  axon -> dendrite -> cell body -> axon terminals. 
B)  axon terminals -> cell body -> axon -> dendrite. 
C)  dendrite -> cell body -> axon -> terminal button. 
D)  cell body -> axon -> dendrite -> axon terminal. 
E)  dendrite -> axon terminal -> cell body -> axon.

Question 13

Most _______ are secreted into the extracellular fluid from endocrine glands or tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  neuropeptides 
C)  modulators 
D)  hormones 
E)  pheromones

Question 14

The postsynaptic potentials induced by most neurotransmitters are ended by

Accepted Answer

A)  disruption of the postsynaptic receptor. 
B)  enzymatic degradation of the transmitter molecule. 
C)  inhibition of transmitter synthesis. 
D)  facilitation of transmitter release. 
E)  reuptake of the molecule into the axon terminal.

Question 15

The Na+/K+ pump removes ______ Na+ ions and adds _______ K+ ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  3; 2 
B)  2; 3 
C)  3; 4 
D)  2; 4 
E)  4; 3

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  More sodium channels are opened at a lower voltage level than are the potassium channels. 
B)  The action potential requires 10 msec for completion. 
C)  The action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters during the rising phase. 
D)  More potassium channels are opened at a lower voltage than are sodium channels. 
E)  The overshoot is due to a prolonged change in sodium conductance.

Question 17

Synaptic vesicles are produced in the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuron soma 
B)  dendrites 
C)  glial cells 
D)  neuron lysosomes 
E)  astrocytes

Question 18

Activation of cells within the _______ by a poison in the blood would be predicted to produce _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens; visual hallucinations 
B)  hippocampus; locomotion 
C)  hypothalamus; vomiting 
D)  area postrema; vomiting 
E)  hippocampus; vomiting

Question 19

The ion ________ is required for the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ion ________ is required for the...

Question 20

The largest number of small vesicles would be expected to be located within the _______ of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendritic spines 
B)  soma 
C)  postsynaptic membrane 
D)  release zone 
E)  axon hillock

Exam 2: Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System