Question 1

Edward Banfield is the leading theorist associated with the labeling hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Order theorists propose that powerful economic interest groups are able to get laws passed and enforced that protect their own interests and punish those whose actions are contrary to those interests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Person-blame interpretations provide justification for a form of ________, that is, a person's placement in the stratification system is a function of ability and effort.

Accepted Answer

A)  labeling 
B)  social Darwinism 
C)  stigmatization 
D)  culture of poverty

Question 4

A strength of the conflict perspective is that it emphasizes that the system of justice is unjust and that the distribution of rewards and punishment in the society is skewed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Contrast the view of conflict and order perspectives regarding what constitutes a political crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast the view of conflict and order...

Question 6

Crime, from the order perspective, has a ________ function for society as it serves to reaffirm the legitimacy of the society and creates the boundaries for what is acceptable behavior in society.

Accepted Answer

A)  destabilizing 
B)  positive 
C)  validating 
D)  detrimental

Question 7

According to labeling theory, people labeled as deviants tend to become locked into a deviant behavior pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Edwin Sutherland is the leading theorist who focused on the role of societal goals and differential opportunities in creating deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One problem with Robert Merton's theory of deviance is that Merton

Accepted Answer

A)  accepts the U.S. success ethic. 
B)  endorses innovative techniques for success. 
C)  condemns the corporate world as a cause of poverty. 
D)  exaggerates the use of differential association to explain crime.

Question 10

The culture of poverty hypothesis contends that, because of their class position, the wealthy are qualitatively different in values and lifestyles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Deviance is socially constructed since social organizations create definitions of right and wrong by originating norms, the infraction of which constitutes deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Psychological theories of deviance focus on chromosomal abnormality or physique as the basis for deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Social Darwinists see political crimes as activities against the government, such as acts of dissent and violence whose purpose is to challenge and change the existing political order.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Sociology has discovered a consistency from society to society on what constitutes deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

________ is an ethnocentric term implying that the culture of another group is not only deficient but also inferior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural deprivation 
B)  Cultural transmission 
C)  Systemic bias 
D)  Stigmatization

Question 16

________ argue that society creates deviance by creating rules, the violation of which constitutes deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social Darwinists 
B)  Labeling theorists 
C)  Conflict theorists 
D)  Order theorists

Question 17

Research has shown that corporations have a higher criminality rate than do individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Genetic anomalies theorists have investigated the connection between ________ and deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  XYY chromosomes in males 
B)  the configuration of the skull 
C)  facial features 
D)  phrenology

Question 19

The ________ focuses on deviants themselves and believes that deviants have had inadequate socialization and should be rehabilitated so they will conform to society's norms and standards.

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict perspective 
B)  order perspective 
C)  labeling perspective 
D)  differential perspective

Question 20

By ________ deviants, the group expresses collective indignation and reaffirms its commitments to the rules.

Accepted Answer

A)  rewarding 
B)  punishing 
C)  ignoring 
D)  shunning

Exam 7: Deviance

Edward Banfield is the leading theorist associated with the labeling hypothesis.

Order theorists propose that powerful economic interest groups are able to get laws passed and enforced that protect their own interests and punish those whose actions are contrary to those interests.

Person-blame interpretations provide justification for a form of ________, that is, a person's placement in the stratification system is a function of ability and effort.

A strength of the conflict perspective is that it emphasizes that the system of justice is unjust and that the distribution of rewards and punishment in the society is skewed.

Contrast the view of conflict and order perspectives regarding what constitutes a political crime.

Crime, from the order perspective, has a ________ function for society as it serves to reaffirm the legitimacy of the society and creates the boundaries for what is acceptable behavior in society.

According to labeling theory, people labeled as deviants tend to become locked into a deviant behavior pattern.

Edwin Sutherland is the leading theorist who focused on the role of societal goals and differential opportunities in creating deviance.

One problem with Robert Merton's theory of deviance is that Merton

The culture of poverty hypothesis contends that, because of their class position, the wealthy are qualitatively different in values and lifestyles.

Deviance is socially constructed since social organizations create definitions of right and wrong by originating norms, the infraction of which constitutes deviance.

Psychological theories of deviance focus on chromosomal abnormality or physique as the basis for deviance.

Social Darwinists see political crimes as activities against the government, such as acts of dissent and violence whose purpose is to challenge and change the existing political order.

Sociology has discovered a consistency from society to society on what constitutes deviance.

________ is an ethnocentric term implying that the culture of another group is not only deficient but also inferior.

________ argue that society creates deviance by creating rules, the violation of which constitutes deviance.

Research has shown that corporations have a higher criminality rate than do individuals.

Genetic anomalies theorists have investigated the connection between ________ and deviance.

The ________ focuses on deviants themselves and believes that deviants have had inadequate socialization and should be rehabilitated so they will conform to society's norms and standards.

By ________ deviants, the group expresses collective indignation and reaffirms its commitments to the rules.