Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the arousal states of the infant described by Wolff (1966)?

Accepted Answer

A)  crying 
B)  urinating 
C)  drowsiness 
D)  waking

Question 2

Kwashiorkor results when a person's diet contains too little:

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A 
B)  calcium 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  protein

Question 3

Around the world, which of the following words would be most likely to be among the first words that infants would learn (translated into their own language, of course)?

Accepted Answer

A)  "TV" 
B)  "UhOh" 
C)  "Perfect" 
D)  "Yes"

Question 4

An experiment was described in the text in which English and Korean babies and adults learned to distinguish between a "loose-fitting" and a "tight-fitting" cylinder and between cylinders that were placed "inside" or "on top of" each other. The results of this study were that:

Accepted Answer

A)  adults learned both distinctions much faster than babies learned them 
B)  babies learned both distinctions much faster than adults learned them 
C)  English-speaking adults learned the unfamiliar "loose-fitting" versus "tight-fitting" distinction more easily than babies 
D)  babies from both cultures learned the "loose-fitting" versus "tight-fitting" distinction more easily than English-speaking adults who were unfamiliar with this distinction

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT one of the six arousal states identified in newborns by Peter Wolff?

Accepted Answer

A)  crying 
B)  thinking 
C)  regular sleep 
D)  irregular sleep

Question 6

Suppose you observe a baby focus his eyes on a rattle being held in front of him, and then he moves his arm and hand out and grasps the rattle, taking it from the person holding it. This series of actions is a good example of the visually guided reach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The text describes a study in which infants were shown pictures of several different horses. Then they were shown a picture of a different horse and a picture of a different animal, such as a giraffe. What were the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infants learned the word "horse" faster than they learned the word "giraffe." 
B)  The infants learned the word "giraffe" faster than they learned the word "horse." 
C)  The infants looked longer at the picture of the horse than the picture of the giraffe. 
D)  The infants looked longer at the picture of the giraffe than the picture of the horse.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the visual processes of a typical newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newborns can't see any color, so they see only in black and white. 
B)  Newborns prefer to look at faces more than at complex, abstract pictures. 
C)  Newborns cannot focus clearly on any object nearer to them than about 2 feet but their vision for distant objects is nearly as good as an adult's would be. 
D)  Newborns can see out of only one eye at a time, so their attention shifts between eyes.

Question 9

Marcy comments that her son is having a hard time shifting from being breastfed to eating a wider array of strained and solid foods. The technical term for this shift is:

Accepted Answer

A)  marasmus 
B)  dietary transition 
C)  dietary assimilation 
D)  weaning

Question 10

According to research conducted by Peter Wolff on arousal states in newborns, as newborns adjust to their new environment following birth, their arousal states become:

Accepted Answer

A)  more dramatic, with larger swings of energy between high and low states 
B)  less positive and more negative 
C)  more regular and predictable 
D)  more irregular and dictated by specific environmental occurrences

Question 11

The major conclusion to be drawn from Rosenzweig's study of the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  early experience shapes the way in which the brain develops 
B)  genes exert their greatest influence in guiding neural development during the prenatal period 
C)  too much "privilege" can cause the development of selfishness that cannot be undone through later training 
D)  neural development is for the most part determined by genes, and especially by those carried on the sex chromosomes

Question 12

When a child produces a single word, such as "bottle," it may mean a variety of things, such as "I want the bottle" or "there's the bottle" or "I like the bottle." This type of usage is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  an adaptation 
B)  holophrastic speech 
C)  an overextension 
D)  telegraphic speech

Question 13

The basic units of sounds in a language are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics 
B)  morphemes 
C)  syntax 
D)  phonemes

Question 14

According to Piaget, the process of imitation requires the infant to have achieved a symbolic level of representation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Research suggests that newborn infants have difficulty in focusing both of their eyes on a single object. This inability to use both eyes would imply that newborns would also be limited in their ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  process depth perception using monocular vision 
B)  process depth perception using binocular vision 
C)  perceive color 
D)  perceive different shapes

Question 16

The way in which a newborn hears probably would be most like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a deaf adult who reads lips 
B)  a deaf adult who uses sign language 
C)  a hearing adult who has a bad head cold 
D)  a hearing adult who is blind

Question 17

This term refers to how meaning is derived from words and sentences:

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics 
B)  morphemes 
C)  syntax 
D)  phonemes

Question 18

Most researchers today believe that Piaget was too optimistic about the speed with which infants develop, since many developmental processes, such as object permanence and symbolic representation, appear to emerge at ages considerable later than Piaget prescribed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following individuals would have the largest number of average synapses in the neurons of their brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rita, who is a newborn 
B)  Alan, who is 1 year old 
C)  Matty, who is 2 ½ years old 
D)  Rex, who is 25 years old

Question 20

According to Piaget, an infant's first schemes are built around:

Accepted Answer

A)  the basic reflexes present at birth 
B)  sensory experiences early in life, such as hearing the mother's voice 
C)  concepts involving voluntary movement, such as picking up a rattle 
D)  the infant's production of language sounds, such as cooing and babbling

Exam 4: Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Which of the following is NOT one of the arousal states of the infant described by Wolff (1966) ?

Kwashiorkor results when a person's diet contains too little:

Around the world, which of the following words would be most likely to be among the first words that infants would learn (translated into their own language, of course) ?

An experiment was described in the text in which English and Korean babies and adults learned to distinguish between a "loose-fitting" and a "tight-fitting" cylinder and between cylinders that were placed "inside" or "on top of" each other. The results of this study were that:

Which of the following was NOT one of the six arousal states identified in newborns by Peter Wolff?

Suppose you observe a baby focus his eyes on a rattle being held in front of him, and then he moves his arm and hand out and grasps the rattle, taking it from the person holding it. This series of actions is a good example of the visually guided reach.

The text describes a study in which infants were shown pictures of several different horses. Then they were shown a picture of a different horse and a picture of a different animal, such as a giraffe. What were the results of this study?

Which of the following is true regarding the visual processes of a typical newborn?

Marcy comments that her son is having a hard time shifting from being breastfed to eating a wider array of strained and solid foods. The technical term for this shift is:

According to research conducted by Peter Wolff on arousal states in newborns, as newborns adjust to their new environment following birth, their arousal states become:

The major conclusion to be drawn from Rosenzweig's study of the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment is that:

When a child produces a single word, such as "bottle," it may mean a variety of things, such as "I want the bottle" or "there's the bottle" or "I like the bottle." This type of usage is referred to as:

The basic units of sounds in a language are referred to as:

According to Piaget, the process of imitation requires the infant to have achieved a symbolic level of representation.

Research suggests that newborn infants have difficulty in focusing both of their eyes on a single object. This inability to use both eyes would imply that newborns would also be limited in their ability to:

The way in which a newborn hears probably would be most like which of the following?

This term refers to how meaning is derived from words and sentences:

Most researchers today believe that Piaget was too optimistic about the speed with which infants develop, since many developmental processes, such as object permanence and symbolic representation, appear to emerge at ages considerable later than Piaget prescribed.

Which of the following individuals would have the largest number of average synapses in the neurons of their brain?

According to Piaget, an infant's first schemes are built around: