Question 1

Three-year-old Miguel knows that Julie wants a cookie and that Julie thinks there are cookies in the cabinet. Asked to predict what Julie will do, Miguel says that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  she will open the cabinet, indicating his developing sense of egocentrism 
B)  she will open the cabinet, indicating his developing theory of mind 
C)  she will open the cabinet, indicating his lack of theory of mind 
D)  he has no way of knowing

Question 2

Research into the behavioral effects of orphanhood in Romania shows that Romanian orphans adopted after 6 months of age __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  seemed to have suffered no lasting ill effects of their experience 
B)  seemed not to differentiate between their adoptive parents and other adults 
C)  tended to form particularly good relations with their peers 
D)  tended to be particularly resilient in times of stress

Question 3

One question about attachment has to do with how it affects adjustment later in life. Which of the following has research revealed?

Accepted Answer

A)  that securely attached infants are more likely, as teenagers, to have close friends 
B)  that securely attached infants are less likely, in childhood and adolescence, to suffer from schizophrenia 
C)  that securely attached infants are more likely, when young adults, to be performers (e.g., singers, dancers, or actors) 
D)  that securely attached infants are more likely, when adults, to work in the "helping" professions (such as psychotherapy)

Question 4

Dieter is an even-tempered baby who always seems to be smiling and gurgling. He seems to have a regular routine, and his parents can always count on him to be sleepy when it is time for his nap. Vivian is a baby who easily becomes upset. She doesn't adjust well to new situations or to changes in her daily routine. Dieter's temperament would be classified as __________. Vivian's temperament would be classified as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  easy; difficult 
B)  easy; slow to warm up 
C)  secure; disorganized 
D)  secure; difficult

Question 5

Attachment patterns are most likely to change when __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the child is initially classified as anxious/avoidant 
B)  the child is initially classified as anxious/resistant 
C)  two parents share parenting responses equally 
D)  there are major changes in the child's environment

Question 6

Which of the following is characteristic of the period of concrete operations as described by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrating an inability to conserve number 
B)  passing conservation tasks 
C)  understanding that adding one to any even number must always produce a number that is odd 
D)  demonstrating the A-not-B effect

Question 7

Which social development concept is CORRECTLY matched with both a definition AND an example type?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperament; an infant's bond with its caregiver; easy 
B)  attachment; an infant's pattern of emotional reactivity; difficult 
C)  temperament; an infant's pattern of emotional reactivity; anxious/resistant 
D)  attachment; an infant's bond with its caregiver; disorganized

Question 8

The textbook summarizes the research on early isolation by suggesting that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a critical period for the development of social skills 
B)  the quality of social relationships in the first years of life determines the quality of later social relationships 
C)  early social relationships lay a foundation on which later social relationships build, but there may be ways of compensating for a missing or weak foundation 
D)  early social experience is unrelated to later social development

Question 9

From 2 months after conception to birth, the developing fertilized egg is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an embryo 
B)  a fetus 
C)  a child 
D)  a neonate

Question 10

Saul is hostile and uncooperative, whereas Truman is anxious and prone to depression. Their peer statuses might be described as __________ and __________ respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  aggressive-rejected; anxious-rejected 
B)  aggressive-rejected; withdrawn-rejected 
C)  resistant-rejected; withdrawn-rejected 
D)  resistant-rejected; anxious-rejected

Question 11

The brain __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adds weight in spurts throughout childhood 
B)  adds weight continuously throughout childhood 
C)  adds weight in childhood primarily through increases in the number of synapses 
D)  maintains a constant weight until puberty and then becomes heavier

Question 12

Roughly how many adolescents experience serious negative outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  only a minority 
B)  about half 
C)  a slight majority 
D)  a substantial majority

Question 13

Your text mentions that adult females remember events from earlier in their lives than do adult males, with the difference best attributed to differences in the way parents talk to sons on the one hand and daughters on the other. Based on your text's discussion, you might infer that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  parents more often talk about the past to daughters than to sons 
B)  parents use longer sentences when talking to daughters than when talking to sons 
C)  parents' conversation with daughters is more abstract than is their conversation with sons 
D)  parents direct more conversation to daughters than to sons

Question 14

The beginnings of friendship are apparent in children as young as _____ year(s) old.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 15

Eugene is 27 years old, and he feels very insecure about some of the personal and career choices he has made so far. Consequently, he is reluctant at this point to undertake a serious, committed relationship with another person. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Eugene will __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  develop a sense of isolation 
B)  develop feelings of inferiority 
C)  develop a sense of despair 
D)  become stagnated

Question 16

Adolescent emotional turbulence __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a popular theme in literature 
B)  is not inevitable 
C)  may result from shifting roles between adolescence and adulthood 
D)  appears supported by empirical research

Question 17

Studies of infants' reactions to physically possible and physically impossible events indicated that infants __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  were equally surprised by both sorts of events, indicating that they had no idea that two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time 
B)  were more surprised by impossible events, indicating that they understood that two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time 
C)  were equally uninterested in both possible and impossible events, indicating that they saw the world as a place in which the basic relationships between objects could change from moment to moment 
D)  showed more of an interest in the possible event, presumably because it was familiar

Question 18

The rooting reflex causes the infant to do what when his cheek is lightly touched?

Accepted Answer

A)  turn his head and open his mouth 
B)  pull back his head rapidly 
C)  raise his hands as if to shield his face 
D)  open his palms and swing his arms to the side

Question 19

According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation occurs __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  during the first year of life 
B)  between the ages of 3 and 6 
C)  during the early adult years 
D)  during adolescence

Question 20

The phrase best capturing the idea of "object permanence" is this one:

Accepted Answer

A)  out of sight, out of mind 
B)  familiarity breeds contempt 
C)  out of sight, out of existence 
D)  still waters run deep

Exam 14: Development