Question 1

What is the difference between a well-defined and an ill-defined problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a well-defined problem, the process to achieve the goal is immediately apparent. 
B)  In an ill-defined problem, the start state, goal state, or process to achieve the goal is unclear. 
C)  In an ill-defined problem, the goal state cannot be determined. 
D)  Only well-defined problems have a start state and a goal state.

Question 2

If a test has been standardized, it has _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to yield consistent results every time 
B)  the ability to predict performance on future tests 
C)  been given to a representative sample of the relevant population 
D)  All the answers are correct.

Question 3

John is using fast, intuitive processing to judge the likelihood that he will do well on a test. John's thinking is characteristic of _____ processing, which is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  System 1; more reliable than System 2 
B)  System 1; less reliable than System 2 
C)  System 2; more reliable than System 1 
D)  System 2; less reliable than System 1

Question 4

Galton's tests of _____ were _____ predictors of intelligent thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical traits; poor 
B)  physical traits; good 
C)  verbal ability; poor 
D)  verbal ability; good

Question 5

Processing information to solve problems, reason, and make judgments and decisions is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  problem solving 
B)  thinking 
C)  reasoning 
D)  intelligence

Question 6

According to Cattell and Horn, the "g factor" includes which types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic and logical-mathematical 
B)  "s factors" and "g factors" 
C)  fluid and crystallized 
D)  interpersonal and intrapersonal

Question 7

Binet is to _____ as Wechsler is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature; nurture 
B)  nurture; nature 
C)  nature; nature 
D)  nurture; nurture

Question 8

The fact that the average correlation between intelligence scores is greater for fraternal twins than for genetically related siblings can be explained by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both genetic similarity and environmental influences 
B)  genetic similarity only 
C)  environmental influences only 
D)  neither genetic similarity nor environmental influences

Question 9

With respect to perspectives on intelligence, _____ is to nature as _____ is to nurture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Binet; Galton 
B)  Galton; Binet 
C)  Terman; Galton 
D)  Binet; Terman

Question 10

Laura wants to buy a car so she is attempting to solve the problems of getting money for a down payment and establishing credit. She realizes there are multiple steps she must follow to achieve her goal. The problem-solving technique that involves accomplishing one step at a time to move closer to a goal is called _____, and the individual steps are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  means-end analysis; increments 
B)  means-end analysis; subgoals 
C)  conjunctive analysis; increments 
D)  conjunctive analysis; subgoals

Question 11

Lewis Terman is responsible for developing the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Binet-Simon test of intelligence 
B)  WAIS 
C)  the Stanford-Binet test of intelligence 
D)  Terman-Binet test of intelligence

Question 12

The errors made when trying to determine the rule for Wason's "2-4-6 task" BEST illustrate _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an illusory correlation 
B)  the availability heuristic 
C)  the confirmation bias 
D)  a mental set

Question 13

According to Cattell and Horn, _____ intelligence includes abstract reasoning and is hypothesized to _____ with age.

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallized; decrease 
B)  fluid; decrease 
C)  crystallized; increase 
D)  fluid; increase

Question 14

Odafin's reaction range is determined by his _____. His reaction range defines the limits of his _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity; intelligence 
B)  heredity; kinesthetic abilities 
C)  prior experience; intelligence 
D)  prior experience; kinesthetic abilities

Question 15

The Tower of Hanoi problem (reconfiguring disks on pegs) is best solved using the _____ heuristic, whereas the water lily problem (determining when the pond is half covered) is best solved using the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  working backward; means-end 
B)  means-end; working backward 
C)  means-end; anchoring and adjustment 
D)  anchoring and adjustment; working backward

Question 16

Carol judges the probability of category membership by how well an object resembles a category. Carol is doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  using the representativeness heuristic 
B)  committing the conjunction fallacy 
C)  committing the gambler's fallacy 
D)  using the availability heuristic

Question 17

If your psychology test included material that was not assigned or covered in class, you could MOST reasonably argue that the test lacked which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  content validity 
B)  internal consistency 
C)  predictive validity 
D)  test-retest reliability

Question 18

If a child's mental age is greater than the child's chronological age, then the child's IQ _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is less than 100 
B)  is greater than 100 
C)  is exactly 100 
D)  cannot be determined from the information provided

Question 19

After several highly publicized instances of deadly shark attacks, many people stopped swimming in the ocean. It appears that vivid media coverage prompted people to use _____ to judge the probability of death by shark attack.

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic 
B)  a mental set 
C)  means-end analysis 
D)  the representativeness heuristic

Question 20

As per the text, why is the OTTFFSS series problem difficult?

Accepted Answer

A)  The goal is unclear. 
B)  The start state is unclear. 
C)  People do not use the correct strategy. 
D)  People immediately try a new strategy.

Exam 6: Section 2: Thinking and Intelligence

What is the difference between a well-defined and an ill-defined problem?

If a test has been standardized, it has _____.

John is using fast, intuitive processing to judge the likelihood that he will do well on a test. John's thinking is characteristic of _ processing, which is _.

Galton's tests of _ were _ predictors of intelligent thinking.

Processing information to solve problems, reason, and make judgments and decisions is called _____.

According to Cattell and Horn, the "g factor" includes which types of intelligence?

Binet is to _ as Wechsler is to _.

The fact that the average correlation between intelligence scores is greater for fraternal twins than for genetically related siblings can be explained by _____.

With respect to perspectives on intelligence, _ is to nature as _ is to nurture.