Question 1

After surgery to reduce the impact of epileptic seizures, H. M. suffered from _____ amnesia, meaning that he was unable to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde; recall long-term memories from the time prior to surgery 
B)  anterograde; form new long-term memories after surgery 
C)  retrograde; recall long-term memories from the time prior to surgery 
D)  retrograde; form new long-term memories after surgery

Question 2

Whenever Francesca is angry with her brother Gerald, she more easily recalls many of the times she has been treated unfairly by others in the past. Which of the following BEST explains this?

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reference effect 
B)  state-dependent memory 
C)  the mood-congruence effect 
D)  mood-dependent memory

Question 3

Which of the following can contribute to a false memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  source misattribution 
B)  the misinformation effect 
C)  schemas 
D)  All the answers are correct.

Question 4

One explanation for infantile/child amnesia is that _____ is (are) not fully developed.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebellum 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  the hippocampus 
D)  both the cerebellum and the hippocampus

Question 5

When LaTonya was a child, she imagined what it would be like to go to Disney World. Every night before going to sleep, she would picture herself riding the rides she had seen on television. One day as an adult, her sister heard her talking about visiting Disney World as a child, but her sister knew that she had never been to Disney World. It is likely that LaTonya's false memory is due to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinformation effect 
B)  storage decay 
C)  imagination inflation 
D)  observation inflation

Question 6

Research by Craik and Tulving revealed that recognition of words depended on the types of questions asked about each word. Which of the following BEST reflects their findings concerning processing conditions ordered from best to worst?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical $\rightarrow$ acoustic $\rightarrow$ semantic 
B)  acoustic $\rightarrow$ physical $\rightarrow$ semantic 
C)  semantic $\rightarrow$ acoustic $\rightarrow$ physical 
D)  acoustic $\rightarrow$ semantic $\rightarrow$ physical

Question 7

The forgetting curve for long-term memory initially shows a _____, followed by a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  very slow decline; very fast decline 
B)  constant retention level; very fast decline 
C)  very fast decline; leveling off 
D)  very slow decline; continuing slow decline

Question 8

Which mnemonic device(s) involves the use of imagery?

Accepted Answer

A)  method of loci 
B)  first-letter technique 
C)  peg-word system 
D)  Both method of loci and peg-word system involve the use of imagery.

Question 9

Which theories explain forgetting as due to retrieval problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  cue-dependent and proactive interference 
B)  encoding failure and retroactive interference 
C)  encoding failure and proactive interference 
D)  cue-dependent, proactive interference, and retroactive interference

Question 10

If people count backwards for 30 seconds after viewing a list of words, then attempt to freely recall the words, the serial position curve is likely to reveal _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  both a primacy and recency effect 
B)  a primacy effect but not a recency effect 
C)  a recency effect but not a primacy effect 
D)  neither a primacy nor a recency effect

Question 11

H. M.'s performance on the mirror-tracing task revealed that he _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  could encode new procedural and episodic memories 
B)  could encode new procedural memories 
C)  could encode new episodic memories 
D)  had suffered damage to his cerebellum as well as his hippocampus

Question 12

In a study, one group of subjects studies Spanish, then studies French, and is then tested on the French they studied. This research is designed to examine the effects of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference 
B)  retroactive interference 
C)  cue-dependent forgetting 
D)  the spacing effect

Question 13

Laura vividly remembers her high school graduation, an example of _____ memory, but has forgotten the meaning of the term "photosynthesis," a failure of _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit; explicit 
B)  explicit; implicit 
C)  episodic; semantic 
D)  semantic; episodic

Question 14

It has been estimated that the long-term storage capacity of the human brain is approximately one million gigabytes, which is enough to hold _____ million hours of television shows.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  7

Question 15

Which mnemonic device is LEAST effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  method of loci 
B)  first-letter technique 
C)  peg-word system 
D)  the spacing effect

Question 16

Which of the following describes iconic memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  memory for visual images that have accumulated throughout your life 
B)  memory for pictures that you have seen within the last 30 seconds 
C)  memory for all incoming visual information that lasts for less than 1 second 
D)  memory for incoming visual information that has been recognized

Question 17

The research by Loftus and Palmer (1974) on the misinformation effect revealed that participants were more likely to say _____ if the word "smashed" (rather than "hit") was included in the question about the traffic accident they had seen on film.

Accepted Answer

A)  there was broken glass at the scene 
B)  the cars were traveling at higher speeds 
C)  the car drivers were seriously hurt 
D)  there was broken glass at the scene and the cars were traveling at higher speeds

Question 18

An experimenter presents a small amount of information to a participant and then immediately distracts her from rehearsal by asking her to count backwards from 100 by 3s. This task would be MOST useful in studying _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory capacity 
B)  sensory memory duration 
C)  short-term memory capacity 
D)  short-term memory duration

Question 19

Zachary typically parks his car in the parking lot by the library. On Wednesday the library lot was full, so he parked by the administration building. After class, he headed for the library parking lot to get his car and was dismayed when he could not find it. This memory difficulty MOST clearly illustrates which theory of forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  source misattribution 
B)  storage decay 
C)  interference 
D)  cue dependent

Question 20

Divers studied words in one of two contexts (on land or underwater) and recalled the words in one of two contexts (on land or underwater). Results indicated recall for both groups was greater _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  on land, the more familiar context 
B)  underwater, the more unusual context 
C)  if tested in the context not used for studying, a contrast effect 
D)  if tested in the same context in which they had studied

Exam 5: Section 2:memory

After surgery to reduce the impact of epileptic seizures, H. M. suffered from _ amnesia, meaning that he was unable to _.