Question 1

When adolescents are employed over 20 hours per week during the school year, they

Accepted Answer

A)  improve their organizational skills and get better grades in school.
B)  are more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
C)  save their money for long-term goals (e.g., a car, college tuition) .
D)  learn the value of money. B

Question 2

Psychology textbooks _____ cover spiritual and religious development.

Accepted Answer

A)  universally.
B)  frequently.
C)  commonly.
D)  rarely. D

Question 3

In the Positive Youth Development Framework (PYDF), religion and spirituality are defined as aspects of individual and community life that

Accepted Answer

A)  restrict children's ability to explore their own sexuality.
B)  restrict children's ability to explore their own ethics and identities.
C)  promote thriving.
D)  promote compliance with adult values. C

Question 4

_______ has/have a paradoxical effect on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement
B)  Positive reinforcement
C)  Ritalin
D)  Sugar and food additives

Question 5

Thirteen-year-old Jade is thinking about becoming a nurse because she likes to take care of people and isn't at all squeamish about blood or sick people. Jade best fits in Super's ________ phase of career development.

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallization
B)  specification
C)  implementation
D)  achievement

Question 6

According to researchers, Good, Willoughby & Busseri (2011) spirituality and religion historically have been viewed

Accepted Answer

A)  as one concept describing the quest for connection to the sacred.
B)  as one major reason children are bullied in schools.
C)  as factors that protect against delinquency or promote identity formation.
D)  as contradictory factors to institutional forms of connection to the sacred.

Question 7

Although he demonstrates below-average intelligence, Warren has the daily living skills needed to live, work, and play in the community. It can be said that Warren has a reasonably high level of

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive ability.
B)  adaptive behaviour.
C)  flexible behaviour.
D)  intellectual skills.

Question 8

Parents may ask their adolescent children for help navigating the internet due to the following direct and indirect effects from the following factors, except

Accepted Answer

A)  increased content knowledge
B)  advances in working memory
C)  increases in response time
D)  the process of crystallization.

Question 9

Adolescents are in Piaget's ________ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational
B)  sensorimotor
C)  formal operational
D)  concrete operational

Question 10

Over _____ percent of Canadian teens reported that they often wondered about spiritual questions.

Accepted Answer

A)  10
B)  25
C)  75
D)  95

Question 11

The bases of moral reasoning are

Accepted Answer

A)  universal.
B)  local.
C)  reflective of cultural and religious values.
D)  impossible to study.

Question 12

According to Holland, people find work most fulfilling when

Accepted Answer

A)  they are highly compensated financially.
B)  the job requirements fit the worker's personality.
C)  they are in the implementation phase of career development.
D)  they have a realistic personality type.

Question 13

A common aspect that is shared by spirituality and religiosity is

Accepted Answer

A)  reliance on God.
B)  Christianity.
C)  communal gathering.
D)  connection to sacredness.

Question 14

Seth is a high school student who has recently begun working 30 hours per week. How is this experience likely to affect him?

Accepted Answer

A)  His grades are likely to go up.
B)  His self-esteem is likely to increase.
C)  He will probably develop realistic money-management strategies.
D)  He is more likely to use drugs.

Question 15

Karen has an investigative personality type. What careers would fit well with her personality type?

Accepted Answer

A)  bank teller, payroll clerk
B)  business executive, real estate agent
C)  scientist, technical writer
D)  poet, musician

Question 16

A child who judges whether an act is good in terms of the personal, physical consequences of reward and punishment is reasoning at which of Kohlberg's levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional level
B)  conventional level
C)  postconventional level
D)  empathic level

Question 17

At Kohlberg's postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  social norms.
B)  obedience to authority.
C)  personal moral principles.
D)  rewards and punishments.

Question 18

Carol Gilligan has argued that Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning puts too much emphasis on ________ and not enough emphasis on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  justice; caring
B)  caring; justice
C)  cognition; behaviour
D)  behaviour; cognition

Question 19

Which of the following is characteristic of formal operational thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  animism
B)  centration
C)  deductive reasoning
D)  reasoning that is limited to the tangible and real

Question 20

Maxine likes to work in an environment that is structured and in which she has a supervisor who assigns her tasks. She used to be a payroll clerk, but now she enjoys her job as a bank teller. According to Holland, Maxine has a(n) ________ personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  investigative
B)  artistic
C)  conventional
D)  realistic

Exam 15: Cognitive Processes in Adolescents