Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a longitudinal approach?

Accepted Answer

A)   They cannot answer questions about the continuity or discontinuity of behavior.
B)   Subject dropout may alter results.
C)   Results may be specific to a particular cohort.
D)   Repeated testing may distort results. A

Question 2

Raeann believes that babies are born with tendencies to form emotional bonds with their caregivers because it makes them more likely to survive. Raeann's beliefs fit most closely with __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)   maturational
B)   psychodynamic
C)   learning
D)   ethological D

Question 3

In a correlational study

Accepted Answer

A)   factors are manipulated to determine whether they are related.
B)   it is possible to determine whether there is a causal relationship between two variables.
C)   it is possible to determine whether two variables are related, but not whether there is a causal relationship between the variables.
D)   there is an independent variable and a dependent variable. C

Question 4

Piaget viewed development as an apprenticeship in which children develop when they work with skilled adults, including teachers and parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Using examples from everyday life, explain why a correlation between two variables does not prove a cause and effect relation between the variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using examples from everyday life, explain why...

Question 6

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, development is

Accepted Answer

A)   the result of a natural unfolding of biological plans.
B)   determined by the resolution of conflicts between one's biological drives and society's standards of right and wrong.
C)   the result of children's attempts to understand their worlds.
D)   determined by children's resolution of psychological and social crises.

Question 7

Development is shaped by the interaction of nature and nurture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Erikson emphasized

Accepted Answer

A)   psychological and social aspects of development.
B)   biological and physical aspects of development.
C)   environmental influences on development.
D)   cognitive development.

Question 9

Which of the following measures involves sampling behavior with a task?

Accepted Answer

A)   putting a number of objects in front of a child and having the child count them
B)   listening to children's everyday conversations and recording the complexity of their sentence structures
C)   asking children how much television they watch in one week
D)   having children fill out a questionnaire about their study habits

Question 10

According to Vygotsky, a child's development must be considered against the backdrop of his or her culture's beliefs, customs, and skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

One example of a theory with a learning perspective is

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson's theory.
B)   Bandura's social cognitive theory.
C)   Piaget's theory.
D)   Freud's theory.

Question 12

Roberts wants to compare the results of many studies that have looked at the relation between gender and math ability. Dr. Roberts would find a _______ most appropriate for his needs.

Accepted Answer

A)   microgenetic design
B)   meta-analysis
C)   longitudinal-sequential design
D)   quasi-experimental design

Question 13

John Locke's views are consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)   the idea that development in different domains is connected.
B)   a passive view of the child.
C)   an emphasis on nature.
D)   a view of development as discontinuous.

Question 14

The id

Accepted Answer

A)   wants immediate gratification of bodily desires.
B)   provides a sense of morality.
C)   works to resolve conflicts.
D)   presses for socially acceptable actions.

Question 15

Mary chose to assess the quality of infants' relationships with their caregivers by observing infants in a laboratory situation wherein the infants experienced a series of separations from and reunions with their caregivers. What kind of measure did Mary use?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   structured observation
D)   questionnaire

Question 16

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events, rather than developmental processes, are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   response biases.
B)   cohort effects.
C)   representative samplings.
D)   artificial settings.

Question 17

Your neighbor tells you about his little boy who is always manipulating objects "just like a scientist trying to test his theory about the world." Having just read the first

Accepted Answer

A)   B.F. Skinner!"
B)   Sigmund Freud!"
C)   Urie Bronfenbrenner!"
D)   Jean Piaget!"

Question 18

Nehama believes that we could totally understand why children behave as they do if we would just look at the rewards and punishments they've received for their behaviors in the past. Nehama looks at child development as a(n) __________ theorist does.

Accepted Answer

A)   ecological
B)   cognitive-developmental
C)   psychodynamic
D)   learning

Question 19

The belief that outgoing 5-year-olds become outgoing adults is consistent with the belief that development is discontinuous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a study with a

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional design.
B)   longitudinal design.
C)   longitudinal-sequential design.
D)   microgenetic design.

Exam 1: The Science of Child Development

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of a longitudinal approach?

Raeann believes that babies are born with tendencies to form emotional bonds with their caregivers because it makes them more likely to survive. Raeann's beliefs fit most closely with __________ theory.

In a correlational study

Piaget viewed development as an apprenticeship in which children develop when they work with skilled adults, including teachers and parents.

Using examples from everyday life, explain why a correlation between two variables does not prove a cause and effect relation between the variables.

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, development is

Development is shaped by the interaction of nature and nurture.

Erikson emphasized

Which of the following measures involves sampling behavior with a task?

According to Vygotsky, a child's development must be considered against the backdrop of his or her culture's beliefs, customs, and skills.

One example of a theory with a learning perspective is

Roberts wants to compare the results of many studies that have looked at the relation between gender and math ability. Dr. Roberts would find a _______ most appropriate for his needs.

John Locke's views are consistent with

The id

Mary chose to assess the quality of infants' relationships with their caregivers by observing infants in a laboratory situation wherein the infants experienced a series of separations from and reunions with their caregivers. What kind of measure did Mary use?

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events, rather than developmental processes, are referred to as

Your neighbor tells you about his little boy who is always manipulating objects "just like a scientist trying to test his theory about the world." Having just read the first

Nehama believes that we could totally understand why children behave as they do if we would just look at the rewards and punishments they've received for their behaviors in the past. Nehama looks at child development as a(n) __________ theorist does.

The belief that outgoing 5-year-olds become outgoing adults is consistent with the belief that development is discontinuous.

Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a study with a