Question 1

One way to store more information in short-term memory is called ____________,which involves organizing smaller units of information into larger,more meaningful units.

Accepted Answer

A) rehearsal 
B) consolidation 
C) chunking 
D) dual coding

Question 2

Your memories of personal information such as what you wore to work yesterday or what you ate for breakfast this morning are stored in

Accepted Answer

A) procedural memory. 
B) semantic memory. 
C) episodic memory. 
D) nondeclarative memory.

Question 3

Because classical conditioning can occur without a person's knowledge,it can be considered one type of ____________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) procedural 
B) semantic 
C) declarative 
D) nondeclarative

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term memories are permanently stored in the hippocampus. 
B) The hippocampus is only involved in the creation of nondeclarative memories. 
C) Memories appear to require the hippocampus until they can be consolidated in the cortex. 
D) Damage to the hippocampus is most likely to affect long-term memories after they have undergone consolidation.

Question 5

On the first day of class,Sheila asked her professor the best way to learn and remember the material for the course.The professor responded,"Focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of the important terms and concepts." The instructor is advocating a ___________ level of processing.

Accepted Answer

A) shallow 
B) maintenance 
C) deep 
D) visual

Question 6

The character of Dori from the movie Finding Nemo keeps complaining that she has short-term memory loss because she can't remember the name of the friend she met a few minutes earlier.What is a more likely explanation for her memory failure?

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde amnesia 
B) retrograde amnesia 
C) amygdala damage 
D) blocking

Question 7

Aleixo just started his job as an advertising intern.When he arrived at the office,he was surprised that everyone was wearing jeans or other types of informal attire.The situation most likely violates Aleixo's __________ of office workers.

Accepted Answer

A) chunk 
B) mnemonic 
C) primer 
D) schema

Question 8

According to the primacy effect,if your father read you a list of 10 items to pick up at the hardware store you would most easily recall those items

Accepted Answer

A) from early in the list. 
B) in the middle of the list. 
C) from the end of the list. 
D) that are most distinctive.

Question 9

What system of memory has the longest duration?

Accepted Answer

A) iconic memory 
B) long-term memory 
C) sensory memory 
D) short-term memory

Question 10

The magical number of short-term memory is

Accepted Answer

A) fifteen plus or minus two. 
B) nine plus or minus two. 
C) seven plus or minus three. 
D) seven plus or minus two.

Question 11

Penny recalled the vocabulary definitions they learned in Introductory Spanish immediately after class,but when she was given a pop quiz a couple of days later,she couldn't remember many of the words.Which of the following is the most likely biological explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Hippocampal damage impaired her nondeclarative memory. 
B) LTP occurred. 
C) Her brain failed to consolidate the information. 
D) She developed a brain lesion between after the first class,which caused anterograde amnesia.

Question 12

At the beginning of history class,the teacher reviewed the major battles of the Napoleonic Wars.Later in class,he showed a video on the Holocaust during World War II.Based on the experiments on the effects of emotions on memory discussed in your textbook,what effect will watching the video have on the students' memories for the battles of the Napoleonic wars?

Accepted Answer

A) The video will likely increase their recall for the battles. 
B) The video will likely decrease their recall for the battles. 
C) The video will likely have no effect on their recall for the battles because the video was on a different topic. 
D) The video will likely decrease their recall in the short term,but improve it in the long term.

Question 13

In a study discussed in your textbook,volunteers were shown old childhood photos their parents had provided,including pictures of events like riding in a balloon.What did this study find?

Accepted Answer

A) The photos triggered repressed memories from some volunteers' childhoods. 
B) The volunteers could not remember any of the events that occurred before they were three years old. 
C) After several sessions,many volunteers could recount memories for the events in the photos,even when the photos had been digitally altered to show things that never happened to them. 
D) The photographs that were in colour were more successful in cueing forgotten memories than the black-and-white photographs.

Question 14

Which memory system can be divided into four interrelated systems: central executive,visual sketchpad,episodic buffer,and the phonological loop?

Accepted Answer

A) sensory memory 
B) working memory 
C) long-term memory 
D) procedural memory

Question 15

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model,human memory consists of ____________ memory stores.

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) three 
C) seven plus or minus two 
D) a potentially infinite number of

Question 16

After studying the memory difficulties of H.M.and patients like him,it became apparent that

Accepted Answer

A) nondeclarative memories cannot be retained but declarative memories can be recalled normally. 
B) incoming sensory information bypasses the sensory memory causing severe memory deficits. 
C) the ability to transfer declarative information from STM into LTM is intact. 
D) the ability to bring information from long-term memory into working memory is intact.

Question 17

The terms "muscle memory" and "motor memory" are synonymous with which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) procedural memory 
B) episodic memory 
C) classically conditioned memory 
D) sensory memory

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

Accepted Answer

A) words 
B) concepts 
C) symbols 
D) events

Question 19

The system of memory that can hold approximately 7 "chunks" of information is called

Accepted Answer

A) long-term memory. 
B) permastore memory. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) short-term memory.

Question 20

Carlos finds a friend on Facebook whom he has not talked to in years.As they reminisce about things that happened 10 years ago,the information from old memories is transferred from Carlos' long-term memory into his short-term memory.This process is known as

Accepted Answer

A) storage. 
B) retrieval. 
C) recovering memories 
D) encoding

Exam 7: B: Memory