Question 1

Ken's mouth waters every time he hears the ice-cream truck's familiar song in the distance.One day a slightly different song is heard in the distance and Ken's mouth waters.Ken's behaviour illustrates ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) assimilation 
C) recovery 
D) discrimination

Question 2

Bill hates to clean up after dinner.One night,he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up.When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen,his wife has cleaned everything up for him.Which of the following statements is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

A) Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog. 
B) Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog. 
C) Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog. 
D) Bill's wife has established bathing the dog as a secondary reinforcer.

Question 3

According to your textbook,which of the following is true about animals teaching other members of their species?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers have observed members of several different species transmitting new behaviours to others through imitation. 
B) Humans are the only species known to transmit information through demonstration and imitation. 
C) Several animals can imitate behaviours demonstrated by humans,but they cannot learn new behaviours from members of their own species. 
D) Only primates are capable of imitation,hence the phrase "monkey see,monkey do."

Question 4

A child receives one homework pass-a coupon that allows her to skip a homework assignment-for every 10 word problems she completes during class.This is an example of both ___________ reinforcement and a ___________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) negative;fixed ratio 
B) positive;variable ratio 
C) negative;variable ratio 
D) positive;fixed interval

Question 5

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study.The term Bobo refers to

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study. 
B) Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study. 
C) Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him. 
D) the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study.

Question 6

Five-year-old Samantha is watching a storm from her window.A huge bolt of lightning is followed by a tremendous thunderclap.Startled,Samantha jumps at the noise.This happens several times.As the storm moves farther away,Samantha jumps at the sight of a lightning bolt but doesn't hear the thunder until after she jumps! In this example,the unconditioned stimulus is the _______________ and the conditioned stimulus is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) thunder;lightning 
B) jumping;lightning 
C) lightning;thunder 
D) thunder;jumping

Question 7

As a child,Blaine was attacked by a goose and subsequently developed a severe fear of waterfowl.As he got older,the fear gradually faded until it was all but forgotten.Blaine is now in his early twenties and recently went strolling through a park by the river where he came across a flock of geese.The geese stared at him and he felt slightly fearful,though not as afraid as he had been as a child.Blaine's fear response to the geese in the park is an example of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination 
B) stimulus generalization 
C) extinction 
D) spontaneous recovery

Question 8

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement involves giving reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) on the first response after a varied amount of time has elapsed. 
B) on the first response after a specific amount of time has elapsed. 
C) after a specific number of responses have been completed. 
D) after a varied number of responses have been completed.

Question 9

Negative reinforcement is a stimulus that is__________ and thus __________the probability of a response.

Accepted Answer

A) removed;increases 
B) removed;decreases 
C) presented;increases 
D) presented;decreases

Question 10

Larry has been using heroin for several years.Normally he injects the drug in his basement,but one night on a vacation he injects the drug in his hotel room.Despite the fact that he uses the same heroin and dose that he normally does,Larry overdoses and dies.What phenomenon is likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery 
B) preparedness 
C) negative punishment 
D) conditioned drug tolerance

Question 11

Which of the following is a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) blinking 
B) food 
C) salivation 
D) fear

Question 12

Which phenomenon supports the theory that extinction is not a form of forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned emotional responding 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) discrimination 
D) generalization

Question 13

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research involving ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) latent learning 
D) observational learning

Question 14

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning,the one the organism learns to respond to is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) US 
B) UR 
C) CS 
D) CR

Question 15

A _____________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,motivational need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) negative 
C) token 
D) secondary

Question 16

In operant conditioning,reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

A) never presented. 
B) presented regardless of the organism's behaviour. 
C) presented as a consequence of the organism's behaviour. 
D) presented prior to the organism's behaviour.

Question 17

Extinction in operant conditioning involves _________________.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) punishment 
D) withholding reinforcement

Question 18

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) adaptation 
C) discrimination 
D) extinction

Question 19

Which of the following is true concerning Tolman and Honzik's classic study of latent learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Rats were able to learn without receiving reinforcement. 
B) Rats learned when receiving punishment but not when receiving reinforcement. 
C) Rats were not able to learn if reinforcement was withheld for long periods of time. 
D) Rats learned only when reinforcement was presented immediately following behaviour.

Question 20

The rewarding property of reinforcing stimuli like food and sex is believed to be related to the activity of which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

A) hippocampus 
B) nucleus accumbens 
C) amygdala 
D) thalamus

Exam 6: B: Learning