Question 1

_____ rules indicate how words can be combined to Form phrases and sentences.

Accepted Answer

A) Morphological 
B) Phonological 
C) Syntactical 
D) Deep structure

Question 2

People think that two events are more likely to occur together than either event is likely to occur individually.This phenomenon is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) conjunction fallacy. 
B) category fallacy. 
C) representative heuristic. 
D) sunk-cost fallacy.

Question 3

Category-specific deficits usually result when a person suffers damage to areas in the:

Accepted Answer

A) right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. 
B) left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) midbrain.

Question 4

According to prototype theory,if your prototypical bird is a wren,then the BEST example of a bird is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) bald eagle. 
B) ostrich. 
C) chicken. 
D) robin.

Question 5

People with genetic dysphasia:

Accepted Answer

A) are able to produce written language but unable to generate spoken language. 
B) find certain aspects of human language difficult or impossible to learn,despite having normal intellectual abilities. 
C) acquire a language acquisition device only later in life. 
D) are able to generate spoken language but unable to produce written language.

Question 6

Which statement illustrates the use of a function morpheme?

Accepted Answer

A) bat ball 
B) throw ball 
C) more ball 
D) the ball

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) When you construct a sentence,you start with a simple structure and develop a deep structure. 
B) When you comprehend a sentence,you process the simple structure in order to extract the deep structure. 
C) Simple structure corresponds to semantics;deep structure corresponds to syntax. 
D) The deep structure of a sentence is more easily forgotten than the simple structure of a sentence.

Question 8

The interactionist approach to language development differs from the nativist approach in that the interactionist approach:

Accepted Answer

A) believes that all verbal behavior is genetically determined. 
B) argues that all verbal behavior is the result of shaping with reinforcement. 
C) believes in the existence of a language acquisition device. 
D) places a heavier emphasis on the role of social interactions in language development.

Question 9

Which view of language development holds that language is an innate,biological capacity that humans possess?

Accepted Answer

A) Skinnerian 
B) behaviorist 
C) nativist 
D) humanist

Question 10

_____ morphemes refer to things and events.

Accepted Answer

A) Content 
B) Phonetic 
C) Tangible 
D) Function

Question 11

An inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category while still maintaining the ability to recognize objects outside the category is called:

Accepted Answer

A) genetic dysphasia. 
B) Broca's aphasia. 
C) category-specific deficit. 
D) Wernicke's aphasia.

Question 12

Jen was concerned when her 4-year-old son,Anthony,started saying,"I eated dinner." Jen should not worry because Anthony is simply:

Accepted Answer

A) learning how to fast map. 
B) confusing the deep structure with the simple structure of the sentence. 
C) experiencing a momentary episode of dysphasia. 
D) overgeneralizing from the grammatical language rules.

Question 13

The availability bias is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) algorithm. 
B) heuristic. 
C) fallacy. 
D) framing effect.

Question 14

Research in cognitive neuroscience strongly suggests that category-specific brain organization is:

Accepted Answer

A) the product of language. 
B) highly dependent on the visual cortex. 
C) innately determined. 
D) developed within the first few years of life.

Question 15

Which Mexican immigrant,each of whom is 30 years old,is MOST likely to have developed the best English skills?

Accepted Answer

A) Teresa,who arrived at age 3 
B) Jose,who arrived at age 9 
C) Carmen,who arrived at age 15 
D) Teresa,Jose,and Carmen should have approximately equivalent English skills.

Question 16

Which statement about JB's perFormance on color-meaning tasks is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) JB could verbally name colors presented to him. 
B) JB could associate the name of a color with a name of an object (e.g. ,a yellow banana). 
C) JB could not sort color patches into piles of red,green,and blue. 
D) JB could not match a color to the word of the color.

Question 17

Research has indicated that the only brain region associated with insight learning is the:

Accepted Answer

A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) amygdala. 
C) left occipital lobe. 
D) right temporal lobe.

Question 18

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.Which grouping is a coherent series?

Accepted Answer

A) noise,foam,shade 
B) blank,white,lines 
C) army,sickness,pencil 
D) light,folk,tapestry

Question 19

Japanese can be written in two ways: One way uses symbols to represent speech sounds,much like the English language.The other way uses pictographs to represent ideas,much like the Chinese language.Japanese individuals with Broca's aphasia demonstrate great difficulty understanding:

Accepted Answer

A) symbols representing speech sounds. 
B) pictographs. 
C) both Forms of the language. 
D) neither Form;although their production of speech is greatly impaired.

Question 20

Agnes suffered a stroke that resulted in brain damage.While she has little problem understanding others,she herself can barely utter telegraphic sentences,such as "give blanket" and "Monday appointment doctor." Agnes's symptoms are consistent with:

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's aphasia. 
B) Wernicke's aphasia. 
C) genetic dysphasia. 
D) a conjunction fallacy.

Exam 9: Language and Thought-Part A