Question 1

The person most closely associated with the law of effect is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Edward Thorndike 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John B.Watson 
D) B.F.Skinner

Question 2

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry,her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry,by drooling and whining.She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry,the sound of the door had become a(n)______.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) conditioned response

Question 3

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist.However,it was discovered by a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) physician who was studying the age at which children start to walk 
B) physiologist who was studying memory processes in monkeys 
C) physiologist who was studying digestion in dogs 
D) dog trainer who was trying to come up with the best way to reward animals for their performances in his shows

Question 4

________ disability refers to any problems related to the brain's ability to process,analyze,or store information.

Accepted Answer

A) metacognitive 
B) learning 
C) dissociative 
D) affective

Question 5

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Accepted Answer

A) after a set amount of time has passed 
B) after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C) after a set number of responses have been made 
D) after a varying number of responses have been made

Question 6

The person most directly associated with operant conditioning is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) Ivan Pavlov 
B) John B.Watson 
C) John Garcia 
D) B.F.Skinner

Question 7

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a metronome using Pavlovian procedures.After the conditioning is established,the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears.Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days.When returned to the test situation,the conditioned response is seen again.The effect is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) extinction 
D) stimulus generalization

Question 8

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects,they began to salivate.The salivation was a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) conditioned response 
D) conditioned stimulus

Question 10

What part of the brain,important in learning and memory,has been found to demonstrate more neurogenesis in animals exposed to enriched environments?

Accepted Answer

A) the striate nucleus 
B) the hippocampus 
C) the suprachiasmatic nuclei 
D) the reticular activating system

Question 11

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be best modified by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) trial and error 
C) classical conditioning 
D) shaping

Question 12

If you nag someone until they do a chore,and then stop nagging them when they do it,it is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) aversive conditioning 
C) punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 13

The primary research that was used to formulate a theory of learned helplessness examined the way dogs would respond to shocks in an enclosed box..

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

Accepted Answer

A) gradual reinforcement 
B) sporadic reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) partial reinforcement

Question 15

The process of learning to respond only to a specific stimulus while disregarding other stimuli is called stimulus _________.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) inhibition 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination

Question 16

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room.What is the cookie in this example?

Accepted Answer

A) punisher 
B) positive reinforcer 
C) negative reinforcer 
D) conditioned response

Question 17

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) extinguished,because he feels anxious after doing so 
B) recovered spontaneously,because he will never get better 
C) positively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down 
D) negatively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down

Question 18

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) John B.Watson 
B) Edward Thorndike 
C) B.F.Skinner 
D) Albert Bandura

Question 19

What is the first step in constructing an effective behavior modification plan?

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcing small steps 
B) Recording progress 
C) Choosing appropriate reinforcers 
D) Setting realistic and specific goals

Question 20

__________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) Shaping 
B) Spontaneous recovery 
C) Stimulus generalization 
D) Stimulus discrimination

Exam 5: Learning