Question 1

Modern psychology is said to have begun when:

Accepted Answer

A) Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people. 
B) Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology. 
C) Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy. 
D) it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Question 2

A researcher,based on her review of relevant scientific studies,believes that there is a relationship between the frequency of a baby's crying and whether it was nursed at set intervals or on a demand schedule.If this belief were tested by experimentally manipulating feeding schedules,the feeding schedule would be called the:

Accepted Answer

A) independent variable. 
B) dependent variable. 
C) extraneous variable. 
D) control factors.

Question 3

Wundt is to structuralism as _______ is to psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

A) Freud 
B) Watson 
C) Rogers 
D) Maslow

Question 4

Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun:

Accepted Answer

A) in Greece,with the work of Hippocrates. 
B) in the United States,with the work of James. 
C) in Austria,with the work of Freud. 
D) in Germany,with the work of Wundt.

Question 5

Which school of psychology assumes that human activity cannot be broken down into separate units for analysis but must be evaluated as wholes?

Accepted Answer

A) humanism 
B) Gestalt 
C) functionalism 
D) behaviorism

Question 6

Collecting objective data without interference in the subject's normal environment is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A) survey research 
B) applied research 
C) laboratory research 
D) naturalistic observation

Question 7

In an experiment,the group of subjects to which the experimental group is compared is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) comparison group. 
B) standard group. 
C) confederate group. 
D) control group.

Question 8

In an experiment,four groups of college students used different memorizing strategies to learn the material in one chapter of a textbook.Then each group was given the same multiple-choice test on the material.What was the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) the students' performance on the test 
B) the four different groups 
C) the four different memorizing strategies 
D) manipulation of memorizing strategies

Question 9

Skinner is associated with __________.

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) behaviorism 
C) Gestalt psychology 
D) existentialism

Question 10

Professor McSpell designed an experiment to test her hypothesis that exercise will increase spelling ability.She divided children into three groups and had one group do 10 minutes of exercises,one group do 30 minutes of exercises,and the third group do no exercise.She then tested all three groups of children to see how many words they could spell correctly on a spelling test.In this experiment,the scores on the spelling test serve as the

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable. 
B) independent variable. 
C) control group. 
D) reliability measure.

Question 11

A weakness of ________ is that subjects participating in the research often report,consciously and unconsciously,inaccurate information.

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic observation 
B) surveys 
C) field experiments 
D) laboratory experiments

Question 12

As children grow older,their discretionary income usually increases.The best conclusion to draw about the variables age and income are that they are:

Accepted Answer

A) causally related 
B) uncorrelated 
C) negatively correlated 
D) positively correlated

Question 13

In psychological studies,randomization is used to ensure that:

Accepted Answer

A) there will be an independent and dependent variable. 
B) each person has an equal chance of being assigned to each group. 
C) the control group does not know the purpose of the study. 
D) the experimenter won't know who is in each group.

Question 14

The degree of relationship between two or more variables is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) correlation 
B) validity 
C) reliability 
D) a hypothesis

Question 15

A "fake treatment" is one way to define a ______.

Accepted Answer

A) decoy 
B) demand characteristic 
C) control group 
D) placebo

Question 16

Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement 
B) alienation and apathy 
C) mental processes 
D) self-actualization

Question 17

By general agreement,psychology was born in __________.

Accepted Answer

A) 1642 
B) 1853 
C) 1879 
D) 1906

Question 18

Which one of the following psychologists was responsible for originating the behavioral school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov 
B) Watson 
C) Skinner 
D) Rayner

Question 19

What early school of thought in psychology was noted for its emphasis on the unconscious determinants of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) behaviorism 
C) Gestalt psychology 
D) psychoanalytic theory

Question 20

In an experiment concerning the effect of auditory feedback on accuracy in writing computer programs,one group hears a computer-simulated voice say each character or symbol that they type in as they are writing their programs.The second group does not receive the auditory feedback as they type their program lines.This second group is the ___________ group.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental 
B) control 
C) placebo 
D) confederate

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology