Question 1

You have approached a outdoor school camp program about doing a study that explores students outdoor experience deficiencies. The program agrees but under the condition that you provide some benefit to the participants and the program. Of those provided, which is the most ethical means to provide benefit to the program?

Accepted Answer

A)   Provide the school a summary of the findings as they relate to the program's objectives.
B)   Advertise to the community that you are doing research with the students of the school to increase the status of the program.
C)   Provide an individual profile score for each participant so the program can gauge outdoor experience deficiencies.
D)   Provide individual sessions with students you identified through your study as high in deficiencies. A

Question 2

Of the following which is likely a statement made by a qualitative researcher in a study that addresses social skills training.

Accepted Answer

A)   I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training.
B)   I would like to give participants a test to determine their skill level.
C)   I would like to use teacher ratings to see if the program worked.
D)   I would like to control which students get the training so we can compare groups of children that did and did not get training. A

Question 3

One of the reasons why ethical concerns for qualitative researchers are enhanced is because

Accepted Answer

A)   the researcher is engaged with the collaborators.
B)   the research generally addresses sensitive topics.
C)   qualitative researchers do not obtain informed consent.
D)   qualitative researchers generally employ deception. A

Question 4

Zareb studies children's social standing in their classes. He is interested in students who are rejected by their peers. He has designed an intervention to help such children. He is concerned, however, because he fears the potential effects of telling learners that their peers don't like them. Therefore, he thinks it is important to deceive his study participants, and tell them that they were randomly selected to participate in his intervention, to maximize the study benefits and minimize the harm to the students. This decision best falls under which APA ethical principle?

Accepted Answer

A)   Justice
B)   Integrity
C)   Beneficence
D)   Fidelity

Question 5

Lisa is designing her dissertation. She is testing the strength of copper. She prepares samples and tests the strength of copper by applying random amounts of pressure on the samples. Her research is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   applied.
B)   basic.
C)   evaluation.
D)   action.

Question 6

Marley presented a study in which he randomly assigned students to one of three interventions designed to actively engage students as they solved mathematics problems. Given this description, which of the following types of research did he likely complete?

Accepted Answer

A)   Survey
B)   Ethnography
C)   Case Study
D)   Experimental

Question 7

The type of qualitative research that includes conducting research on a unit of study or bounded system is most often referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   narrative
B)   case study
C)   ethnography
D)   survey

Question 8

Genna has told parents that their children's responses to a spatial ability measure that she used in research will not be reported in the research report. However, she intends to report the data. Genna is illustrating

Accepted Answer

A)   anonymity.
B)   confidentiality.
C)   debriefing.
D)   deception.

Question 9

Nigel, age 17, is a high school student attending classes at a local community college. He was asked to sign consent to participate in a research study for one of his classes for extra credit. Can Nigel participate without his parent's consent?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes, because he is attending a post-secondary institution, his parent's consent is not necessary.
B)   No, Nigel can only participate if his parents consent to his participation.
C)   Yes, Nigel wants to participate and at his age his assent overrides parental consent.
D)   No, it is always unethical for students to participate in studies for extra credit.

Question 10

In a causal-comparative study that examines differences in mathematics achievement in low ability students in rural schools, given one of three packaged curriculum, the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)   curriculum.
B)   achievement.
C)   rural.
D)   low ability.

Question 11

The IRB has _____levels of review of research proposals that vary based upon level of risk.

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   3
C)   4
D)   5

Question 12

The Buckley Amendment is designed to specifically to

Accepted Answer

A)   protect teachers participating in research.
B)   protect students from deception.
C)   protect the researcher from legal cases.
D)   protect privacy of student records.

Question 13

Juanita recently told me that 98% of businesses emit toxins into the environment. I informed her that I thought that number had to be incorrect because not 98% of businesses are manufacturers. She said, hastily, "well that is the figure the EPA is using". Which method of knowing is Juanita relying upon?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tradition
B)   Expert authority
C)   Intuition and personal experiences
D)   Scientific method

Question 14

Julie has proposed to do research with socially rejected children. She wants to use a selection procedure where peers identify students who are socially rejected and then they become part of Julie's social skills intervention study. She will tell the children that they are participating in a study of children's social skills but she will tell them they were randomly selected for the study, not that they have been identified as needing an intervention. Of the following, which is true regarding the IRB review Julie will likely encounter?

Accepted Answer

A)   The IRB will not approve the study. It involves deception.
B)   The IRB will not approve the study. It does not involve informed consent
C)   The IRB will require full review prior to approval of the study because it involves deception.
D)   The IRB will require a full board review prior to approval because there is not informed consent.

Question 15

The ethical principle that requires that psychologists try to eliminate the effect of biases in their work is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   respect for people's rights and dignity.
B)   beneficence and nonmaleficence.
C)   fidelity and responsibility.
D)   integrity.

Question 16

Kyle, age 10, heard about a great research study and wants to participate. His parents do not wish him to participate and have not signed a consent form. Can Kyle participate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes, Kyle is old enough that he does not need parental consent.
B)   Yes, Kyle wants to participate and his assent overrides parental consent.
C)   No, Kyle can not participate unless his parents consent.
D)   No, Kyle can not participate because the study involves deception.

Question 17

A publishing company is interested in determining if there is a need for a new reading curriculum. The research they will conduct is best categorized as

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental research.
B)   correlational research.
C)   action research.
D)   research and development.

Question 18

Of the following, which is a type of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Narrative
B)   Causal-comparative
C)   Experimental
D)   Correlational

Question 19

The philosophical assumption that addresses the nature of reality is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   epistemology.
B)   phenomenology.
C)   ontology.
D)   methology.

Question 20

Of the following, which is an example of a type of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Correlational
B)   Causal-comparative
C)   Ethnographic
D)   Experimental

Exam 1: Introduction to Educational Research